职称英语考试理工类B级阅读理解名师精讲二

Passage 2

The net cost of making a name for yourself

Companies are paying up $10,000 to register a domain name on the Internet even though there is no guarantee that they will get the name they want.

The task of registering domains ending in .com, .org., edu. And .net is at present contracted out by the US government to the Virginia-based company Network Solutions. The contract runs out this year, and the government wants to bring in a different scheme.

But last year, an ad hoc committee of the Internet’s great and good revealed its own plan. This involved setting up seven new domains, each indicating the kind of business or organization using that name. The committee recruited 88 companies around the world to act as registrars for its .firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains. The US government has still to give the system its blessing, and may yet push ahead with its original scheme. Despite this, the 88 registrars have been taking applications for several months. They are due to start registering names this month with the Internet Council of registrars, which grew out of the ad hoc committee. To prevent conflicting names from being registered, the council will take one name from each registrar in turn before going back for the second name in their queues, and so on. This has led to a flourishing trade, with companies trying to buy a place near the head of the queue. Global Names of Singapore is charging $10,000 to make sure request for a name is the first one it sends off to the central database. Other registrars are charging nonrefundable deposits for places at the top of the queue. David Maher, chairman of the Policy Oversight Committee that is helping to set up and oversee the system, says that all registrars are subject to local laws regarding consumer protection and competition. But he says that the committee “will not act as an enforcement body in this area.” 1. The domain name “.edu” is operated by

A) the US government

B) the company Network Solutions

C) Internet Council of Registrars D)Both A and B

2. the .firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains are NOT run by

A) a temporary committee organized by Internet’s influential services

B) The US government.

C) 88 registrars

D) Internet Council of Registrars 3. Global Names of Singapore is

A) a company which applies for a name on the Internet

B) a registrar C) a company under the supervision of Policy Oversight Committee

D) the central database 4. How can a company successfully register a name with the Internet?

A) It must pay up to $10,000 or a nonrefundable deposit.

B) Its application must be the first one at the top of the registration queue. C) It must get approval from the Policy Oversight Committee.

D) Both A and B. 5. What is the meaning of the phrases “net cost” in the title?

A) The amount of money covering the basics. B) The registration fee for a domain name on the Internet.

C) The amount of money for the construction of a network in a company. D) The amount of money paid to the Internet service annually

答案及解析 1.文章标题分析：The net cost of making a name for yourself

借助文章开头的相关语句，进一步了解文章的标题/文章中心：

Companies are paying up $10,000 to register a domain name(域名) on the Internet even though there is no guarantee that they will get the name they want.

补充： pay back v. 报复 (= pay off, pay out, serve out) , 偿还;偿付

e.g. How can I pay you back for all your kindness?你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢?

pay off v.还清;报复;结清工资解雇(某人) pay up v.(不情愿地)付清;还清(债务) Domain n.领土, 领地, (活动、学问等的)范围, 领域

近义词：field， sphere

2.直接看问题句及备选项，注意它们在句意，用词及结构上的特点。

1. The domain name “.edu” (特征词/线索词)is operated by (核心结构)___.

A) the US government B) the company Network Solutions

C) Internet Council of Registrars D)Both A and B

题目分析：细节题(是非题)。 被选项分析：重点主题A和B这两个选项是否在文章中出现，它们与问题的关系。

B.解题分析：：借助题干中的答案线索(.edu)，这样直接找到答案相关句，分析句意确认答案B。

The task of registering domains ending in .com, .org., edu. and .net is at present contracted out (解答问题的关键结构)by the US government (与A有关) to the Virginia-based company Network Solutions (与B有关). The contract runs out this year, (该结构可帮助了解“contracted out”的含义)and the government wants to bring in a different scheme.

考点：考察特殊短语(contracted out)的含义。 补充： run out v.跑出, 离开, 完成, 被用完

bring in v.生产, 介绍引进

比较：

bring into v.使开始 bring into action v.使开始行动

2. the .firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains (线索结构)are NOT run (关键词/核心词)by ___.

A) a temporary committee organized by Internet’s influential services

B) The US government. C) 88 registrars(注册处)

D) Internet Council of Registrars

题目分析：细节题(是非题)。这类题可能往往需要考生进行推断/判断。

被选项分析：同时可利用各被选项中的核心词作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句。

B.解题分析：借助题干中的答案线索，这样直接找到答案相关句： But last year, an ad hoc (专门的)committee of the Internet’s great and good (头面人物)(与A有关)revealed its own plan. This involved setting up seven new domains, each indicating the kind of business or organization using that name. The committee (指代：an ad hoc (专门的)committee of the Internet’s great and good (头面人物))recruited 88 companies (与C有关)around the world to act as registrars for its.firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains. (可见88 registrars参与了.firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains的经营)The US government has still to give the system its blessing, and may yet push ahead with its original scheme. Despite this, the 88 registrars have been taking applications for several months. They are due to start registering names this month with the Internet Council of registrars, which grew out of the ad hoc committee.(可见D也与.firm, .ship, .web, .arts, .rec, .info and .nom domains的经营有关系)

考点：考察考生的'推断和判断能力。往往在句意关系复杂的句子上出题。 补充： involve vt(常与in连用)牵涉, 包括, 使陷入 e.g. Dont involve other people in your trouble.别把别人牵涉进你的麻烦中去。

e.g. This lesson involves a lot of work. 这一课需要做的工作有很多。

due adj(常与to连用)欠的;应给的; 预定的，欠债的;欠付的： e.g. Our thanks are due to him. 我们要感谢他。

e.g. Their plane is due in 15 minutes. 他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达

e.g. the amount still due.欠付的款额

Blessing n祝福;祈福，批准;鼓励 e.g. Father gave his blessing to our holidays plans. 父亲同意了我们度假的计划。

Which:

e.g. The movie which was shown later was better.后来上映的电影较好看

e.g. He left early, which was wise.他早早地离开，那是很明智的

e.g. Choose which you like best.选你最喜欢的 The body clock

From Valuing Childhood

主题理解---The value of childhood is easily blurred(变得模糊不清楚) in today’s world. Consider some recent developments: the child-murderers in ., schoolyard shooting case..

语言特点：句子结构较简单，多为简单句或简单复合句。但是由于文章主题的原因，有些句子并不太容易理解，这些句子句意的理解可能需要借助上下文，如：

(Despite horror at what was done, children are not – cannot be –dealt with as adults, not if a people wants to consider itself civilized.) That’s why politicians’ cries for adult treatment of youthful criminals ultimately miss the point.

补充：

beside the point adv.离题, 不中肯 to the point adv.中肯, 切中要点 可以看出：理工AB级阅读理解考题中，所选择的文章主题基本上都与科技有关，也可能涉及其他类的主题，如自然地理，社会文化等。文章主题较容易理解。通常会有1篇左右的文章是直接选择当年的职称英语用书上阅读理解部分的文章，但其文章后的问题通常会有变动。

阅读理解解题思路分析： 阅读理解是职称英语考试中重点考察的对象，本部分为3篇文章，每篇300-450词，主要考察考生对文章中心和细节信息的理解能力。阅读理解也是对解题技巧的测试。做题时可行的方法是：先看文章题目(title)，然后是看文章后面的问题(problems)，最后才是文章(main body)。 在阅读文章时应该注意进行有目的的阅读：在阅读中跳过(skip over)不相关的信息(information unconcerned)，节约时间直达问题的答案。

在阅读中还应关注段首句：如果所要阅读的文章是议论文或说明文，则段首句往往是主题句 -- 该段论述/说明中心，因此主题句有助于迅速的查找问题答案。

对于文章后面的问题：有关细节方面的问题的设置基本上是按照文章的发展顺序，即：通常第二题答案的位置通常在第一题答案所在位置的后面，所以如果第一题答案在第一段，则第二题答案可能在第二段或第三段中;所以可按照问题设置的顺序在对应的相关段进行答案查找。同时对于有关文章主题方面的问题，可以放在最后来处理，或借助文章的开头，结尾，及文章各段的段首句综合加以判断。

在寻找答案时可以采用通过所问问题中的关键词(题干中核心结构中(主语/谓语/宾语)的用词和修饰语(起修饰作用的形容词/副词))和/或特征词(题干中出现的时间，数字，人名，地名等容易在文章中进行查找和确认的词汇/结构)进行答案的查找。

快速而正确地解读阅读理解的主要关键在于：1. 准确而迅速地读懂文章后面的问题，尤其问题的含意是肯定还是否定的，一定要弄清楚; 2. 解读阅读理解答案位置的快速确定;3. 在选择答案时排除法的运用;4.识别答案陷阱;

本讲教学目的 通过具体例题的分析讲解，向考生介绍有效的阅读理解题的解题方法，同时借助文章进行英语语法和词汇的复习。