大学体验英语综合教程2第二版课后答案unit8
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第二版大学体验英语综合教程2课后答案：unit8
Ex 3. 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.C
Ex 4. 1. adequate 2. vitally 3. document 4. distribution 5. urban 6. potential
7. continual 8. infecting 9. threat 10. updated
Ex.5 1. let down 2. came across as 3. in the back of …mind 4. as a matter of course
5. cleaning up
Ex.6 1. encountered 2. detected 3. transmitted 4. pirated 5. inflicted
Ex 7. 1. In pursuit of a healthier diet, people are eating more fish than they used to.
2. We need to have the roof repaired before the bad weather sets in.
3. The disease is spreading, and all young children are at risk.
4. The information is transmitted from one computer to another through a telephone line.
5. Jack is a fairly good runner. He wins more often than not.
Ex 8.
1. It sounds like this high-tech company has put in place many favorable measures to protect against brain drains.
2. The worry comes when paper-mills ignore the environmental pollution in pursuit of profits.
3. It’s vitally important that one attend a test-preparation class before taking a TOEFL test but this cannot be a one-off event if he really want to have a good command of English.
4. The potential threat should always be in the back of a doctor’s mind and appropriate measures should be taken in no time once emergency arises.
5. In the end, science and education are the keys to a prosperous county and this is a continual process.
Ex 9.
Computer viruses can be transmitted via email attachments. They also spread through software downloaded from the internet. So when you are downloading the unlicensed and pirated software, you are likely to put your computer at risk. The software can seem harmless enough, but they could easily be harboring a dangerous virus.
To protect against computer viruses, we should be careful when opening email attachments and downloading software. We should use antivirus software and update it regularly. As for companies, they should not only take measures by investing in antivirus software, but also pay attention to the education of their employees. While the employees may suddenly become aware of the virus threat when the threat is there, they soon forget about it as the stories disappear from the news headlines. So it is important that companies constantly educate the users about the virus threat and ask them to practice safe computing.
Ex 10.
To protect against computer viruses, companies should do more than invest in antivirus software on the desktops, servers and email gateways. It’s true that antivirus software, updated regularly, can protect the companies’ defences to a large extent. The employees, however, may use office computers for personal amusement. When they are opening unsolicited attachments or downloading unauthorized software, they probably are putting the company at risk, for the attachments and the software could easily harbor dangerous viruses. Therefore, it is very important that companies should constantly educate their employees about the virus and remind them about what would happen if they let their guard down.
学习大学英语的技巧：直译法
直译法指既保持原文内容又保持原文形式的翻译方法。由于人类对客观世界的共同认识，在英汉两种语言里，有些习语存在着共通性，因此，有少量的英语习语，不仅字面意义和形象意义相同或相似，而且隐含意义也相同。这时进行直译，不仅保留了原文的字面意义、形象意义和隐含意义，还保留了原文的修辞和风格，且增添了语言表现力，读者更易于理解和接受译文。如英语中的Wall has ears直译为“隔墙有耳”; olive branch直译为“橄榄枝”;a tooth for a tooth译为“以牙还牙”等已被大家所熟知，自然而然也就被接受了。类似这样的习语译文，读者只要用心体会一下，就会明白其隐含意义，不但保留了原文的形象，而且增加了阅读的趣味。另外还有一些习语与原语的历史典故或神话典故或文学作品等有关，且这一类习语使用广泛，其英语习语的比喻形象及典故故事已被汉语使用者所熟悉，所以在翻译时也可以运用直译法。例如：“Pandora’s box”(潘多拉的盒子)——比喻灾祸的根源、Achilles’heel(致命的弱点)、Crocodile tears(鳄鱼的眼泪)——比喻假慈悲。
学习大学英语的技巧：意译法
有些习语由于文化因素的影响，在翻译时无法保留原本语句的字面意义和形象意义，也无法找到同义的习语借用，这时可将原文的形象更换成读者所熟悉的另一个译文形象，从而传达出原文的语用目的，译出隐含意义。例如：“The dog that will fetch a bone will carry a bone。”在译成汉语时，其中的字面形象dog、bone都不能直译，只能舍弃它的字面意义
和形象意义，译出隐含意义：“对你说别人坏话的人，也会说你的坏话”。同类的例子还有“work like a dog”，如果按字面意义直译成汉语“像狗一样工作”虽保留了原文形象，但不符合汉语的表达习惯，所以可以根据对该习语进行意译，译出隐含意义：“拼命工作”。
学习大学英语的技巧：套译法
在英汉两种语言里可以找到一些完全相同的`习语与之对应，其形式、内容和比喻形象、含义和修辞色彩也相同。这类习语在翻译时可以直接套用译入语中的习语，这样读者理解起来也比较容易。例如：“To praise to the skies”(捧上天去)。还有一些习语虽然在文化背景、比喻形象等方面不尽相同，但其喻义和表达方式与汉语的某些习语比较相似。这一类习语在翻译时也可以运用套译法，这样可以使译语与原语产生类似的语言效果。如：“A drop in the ocean”(沧海一粟)。由于人类在感情、对客观事物的感受及社会经历等方面存在相似之处，英汉习语中存在着少量相同或近似的习语，这些习语字面意义、形象意义相同或近似，隐含意义则完全相同。也就是说，此类习语的字面意义和形象意义所传达出的文化信息是相同的，这样的习语在翻译时可以直接套用译入语中的习语，这样读者理解起来也比较容易。如英语中的“Practice makes perfect”与汉语中的“熟能生巧”、“To add fuel to the fire”与“火上浇油”、“To be on thin ice”与“如履薄冰”、 “Strike while the iron is hot”与“趁热打铁”等句子词汇都可在英汉之间有所对应;这些相同的句意、相似的用法有时是因为词语有着相似的来源。综上所述，能应用 “套译法”的两个习语字面意义和形象意义通常近似，即使略有差别，隐含意义也是大同小异，如One boy is a boy，two boys half a boy，three boys no boy”(一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃)。所以大家在平常的英语学习中，也可不断总结一些此类习语，掌握习语翻译的“套译法”，翻译出的译文就既能达到准确无误，又不失生动活泼。
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