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新概念英语第二册第57课:Can I help you, madam?（通用8篇）
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新概念英语第二册第57课:Can I help you, madam? 1
Lesson 57 Can I help you, madam?您要买什么，夫人? First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Did the woman get what she wanted?
A woman in jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.
参考译文
一位穿着牛仔裤的妇女站在一家高档商店的橱窗前。她虽然犹豫了片刻，但终于还是走进了商店，要求把陈列在橱窗里的一件衣服拿给她看。接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮，轻蔑地看了她一眼后，便告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了。这位妇女怒气冲冲地走出了商店，决定第二天教训一下那个售货员。第二天上午，她又来到这家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎着一只手提包，另一只手拿着一把长柄伞。找到那个无礼的售货员后，她还要看昨天的那件衣服。那个售货员没有认出她是谁，这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤。费了好大劲儿，他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服。这位妇女对那件衣服只看一眼，就说不喜欢。她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来，最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件。
New words and Expressions生词和短语
madam
n.（对妇女的尊称）太太，夫人
jeans
n.牛仔裤
hesitate
v.犹豫，迟缓
serve
v.接待（顾客）
scornfully
adv.轻蔑地
punish
v.惩罚
fur
n.裘皮
eager
adj.热切的，热情的
Lesson 57自学导读First things first课文详注Further notes on the text
1．The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.接待她的售货员不喜欢她的那副打扮。
the way在这里表示“方式”、“样式”，she was dressed为关系从句，修饰the way。dress表示“穿着”、“打扮”时常用被动语态：
Why is your aunt dressed in black?
你姑姑为什么穿黑色衣服？
2．…he told her that the dress was sold.……告诉她那件衣服已经卖出去了。
被动语态在这里含有动作已经完成的意忠，即表示目前的状态。
3．She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other.第2天上午，她又来到这家商店，穿了一件裘皮大衣，一只手拎着一只手提包，另一只手拿着一把长柄伞。
dressed引导的过去分词短语作状语，表示伴随状态。它也可以变换位置，放在句首，其意义不变：Dressed in a fur coat, she returned…with带有两个宾语：handbag和unbrella。with引导的介词短语也作状语，表示伴随状态：
He walked in the park with a dog behind him.
他在公园里散步，身后跟了一条狗。
4．After seeking out the rude assistant, she asked for the same dress.找到那个无礼的售货员后，她还要看昨天的那件衣服。
（1）现在分词结构代替时间状语从句后，保留了连词after。类似的情况如：
Since phoning you this morning, Ive changed my plans.
自从今天早上给你打了电话以后，我已改变了计划。
While trying to open the bottle, I cut my hand.
在试图打开瓶子时，我划破了手。
（2）seek out为固定短语，表示“找出”、“搜寻出”：
He sought out the thief in the crowd.
他在人群中找出了那个小偷。
Seek him out quickly. I want to speak to him.
快把他找出来。我想和他谈一谈。
（3）ask for表示“要”、“要求”：
I asked for a cup of coffee, but you gave me a cup of tea.
我要的是一杯咖啡，但你却给了我一杯茶。
5．Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.那个售货员没有认出她是谁，这一回接待她的态度非常殷勤。
（1）现在分词短语代替一个分句位于句首时，其否定形式是在它前面加上not, without或never等否定词。这些词有时可互换，有时则不可：
Not/Without/Never hesitating for a moment, he ran after the thief.
他没有一丝犹豫便追赶那小偷。
Not being able to open the door, I asked my neighbour for help.
由于开不了门，我便向邻居求援。
（2）像eager, glad, pleased, sorry等描述感觉的形容词作表语时后面往往跟不定式：
They are all eager to come.
他们都急于来。
Im pleased to work with you.
我很高兴能与你一起工作。
6．With great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress.费了好大劲儿，他爬进橱窗去取那件衣服。
with在这里表示行为方式：
With care, she put the vase on the shelf.
她小心翼翼地把花瓶放在架子上。
He lifted the box with ease/difficulty.
他很轻松地/费劲地举起那箱子。
7．She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything in the window before finally buying the dress she had first asked for.她开心地迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来，最后才买下了她最先要看的那一件。
（1）enjoy oneself doing sth.表示“从……中得到乐趣”：
He enjoyed himself making the dog run after beggars.
他让那条狗追逐乞丐，并从中取乐。
（2）make后面的动词不定式不加to（cf．本课词汇学习）
（3）代替时间状语从句的现在分词短语带有连词before。
语法Grammar in use
用于表示地点和位置的介词和副词in, at和off;用于描写人的介词in和with
在第9课的语法中，我们学习了引导时间状语的介词in, on, at, during, till和until;在第33课的语法中，我们学习了表示方向和目的地的介词和副词，如on, off, from, to, towards, in, into, out of, at, under, over等。
（1）在表示地点和位置时，说话人的个人角度会影响对介词的选择。at通常用于表示居住地点和某个停留地点、工作地点等，而in则表示里面或包围的含义：
I stopped at London on the way to New York.
去纽约的途中我曾在伦敦停留。（伦敦是途中的一个点）
I live in London.
我住在伦敦。（伦敦“包围着”他）
We met at the cinema this afternoon. He waited for me near the ticket office.
我们今天下午在电影院见了面。他在售票处附近等我。
We swam in the river while Jane sat in the car.
我们在河里游泳时简坐在汽车里。
（2）off常与动词连用，表示位置的`变化，即“与……分离”，可译为“脱掉”、“脱落”等，其反义词为on:
The handle of my suitcase has come off.
我手提箱的提手掉下来了。
He took the cup off the shelf.
他把杯子从架上拿了下来。
（3）描写人时，in通常用于表示穿着，with则表示身上的某个具体特征或随身带着什么：
Yesterday she was (dressed) in jeans. Today she is (dressed) in a fur coat.
昨天她穿着牛仔裤。今天她穿了一件裘皮大衣。
John looks very handsome in that uniform, doesnt he?
约翰穿那套制服时看上去非常英俊，是不是？
He looks handsome in anything!
他穿任何衣服看上去都很英俊！
The man with a beard over there is Sam.
那边那个留着胡子的人是萨姆。
The police say the woman theyre looking for has a red handbag/red hair.
警方说他们正在寻找的那位妇女有一个红色的手提包/一头红发。
Theres a woman with a red handbag/red hair over there!
那边就有一位带着红色手提包/长着一头红发的妇女！
A child came along with a brown dog.
一位带着一条棕色的狗的小孩走了过来。
词汇学习Word study
1．serve vt., vi.
（1）帮佣，当仆人，给……干活：
Mary served (in) the family as a cook for more than ten years.
玛丽在那户人家当了十多年厨师。
（2）服务；服役；供职：
Have you ever served in the army?
你服过兵役吗？
She served the firm as a secretary for two years.
她在这家公司当过两年秘书。
（3）接待（顾客）：
The assistant was eager to serve her this time.
那个售货员这回接待她的态度非常殷勤。
Tom served in a restaurant when he was 18.
汤姆18岁时在餐馆当过侍者。
2．make与let
这两个动词后面都跟不带to的不定式，但意义和用法上有区别。
（1）make+名词/代词+不带to的不定式表示“迫使”、“致使”：
That beard makes you look much older than you really are.
您的胡须使您看上去比您的实际年龄大得多。
What made him change his mind?
是什么使他改变了主意？
She made the assistant bring almost everything in the window.
她迫使那位售货员把橱窗里几乎所有的东西都拿了出来。
在被动语态中含有上述意义的make后面必须带to:
He was made to work fourteen hours a day.
他被迫一天工作14小时。
He was made to change his mind.
他被迫改变了主意。
（2）let有两种用法，一是用于祈使句，建议包括说话者在内的人采取某一行动：
Lets not waste any more time.
我们别再浪费时间了。
Lets take a taxi.
我们坐出租车吧。
其否定形式除Lets not…外也可以用Dont lets…:
Dont lets waste any more time.
我们别再浪费时间了。
这种祈使句中的let相当于助动词。
let的第2种用法是表示“允许”，其结构与make相同，即let+名词/代词+不带to的不定式。如果宾语是us,则不能缩写成lets:
Please let us have more time, will you?
请多给我们一点时间好吗？
I wont let you ride my bicycle.
我不让你骑我的自行车。
Let him speak.
让他说话。
let后面可以跟一个被动的、不带to的不定式：
He let it be known that the house was his.
他让大家知道那房子是他的。
但是let一般不用于被动意义来表示“被允许”，这时可用allow:
They didnt let us speak.
他们没有让我们讲话。
We were not allowed to speak.
我们没有被允许讲话。
Lesson 57课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer
新概念英语第二册第57课:Can I help you, madam? 2
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1、a plan for a twenty-one-mile tunnel，建造一条长 21英里的隧道的计划。
twenty－one－mile作 tunnel的修饰语，注意 mile为单数。plan for +名词／动名词表示“……的计划”：
They always make plans for their holidays, but, in the end, they always stay at home.
他们总是为假期制订各种计划，但是，末了，他们总是呆在家里。
He came with a plan for (building) a bridge over the river.
他带来了在这条河上建一座桥的计划。
2、serve as，充当，起……的作用（也可以说 serve for）。
The books on the floor may serve as/ for a carpet.
地板上的书可充当地毯用了。
This sofa can serve as/ for(a) bed.
这张沙发可以当床用。
3、a better plan was put forward, 提出了一项更好的`计划。
put forward为固定短语，可分开用，其含义之一是“提出（计划、建议等）”：
You know they wouldnt accept your plan. Why did you put it forward?
你知道他们不会接受你的计划。你为什么要提出来呢？
Has he put forward any suggestion?
他提出什么建议了吗？
4、He suggested that a double railway-tunnel should be built.他提
议建一条双轨隧道。
suggest后面跟从句时，从句的谓语动词形式为 should（可省略）+动词原形（cf．第63课语法）：
He suggested (that) they (should) change the plans.
他建议他们改变计划。
suggest后面也可以跟名词或动名词形式。（cf．第47课词汇学习）
5、It was officially opened on March 7,1994, finally connecting Britain to the European continent.它于1994年3月7日正式开通，将英国与欧洲大陆连到了一起。
现在分词 connecting 引导的短语相当于一个并列分句。connect表示“连接”、“连结”，可与to或with连用：
This road connects the willage with/to London.
这条公路连接着这个村子与伦敦。
The lake and the canal are connected by a river.
这个湖与运河之间由一条小河相连。
语法 Grammar in use
第3类条件句
（1）在第16课的语法中，我们学习了用第1类条件句表示将来很可能发生的事：
If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.
一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警便很快就会发现。
在第40课的语法中，我们学习了用第2类条件句谈论想像中的情况或描写完全不可能的事：
If you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner!
如果你多吃点，少说点，我们两个都会吃得好的！
If I were you, I would not go to London tomorrow.
如果我是你，我明天就不去伦敦。（婉转的建议）
（2）第3类条件句的基本结构与前两类都不一样，if从句需用过去完成时，主句用 would have/should have+过去分词形式：
If it had rained, we would have stayed at home.
要是下雨，我们就会呆在家里了。
第3类条件句在if从句里设想纯粹想像的事情，在主句里讲述想像的结果。它与第2类条件句有一定的相似之处。但是，第3类条件句所谈的是没有或永远不可能有的结果，因为它们指的是过去没有过的事情。它们是所谓的“假设条件句”：
If I had worked harder at school, Id have go a better job.
要是我上学时勤奋一些，我就会有较好的工作了。（事实是现在的工作不太好）
在 if从句中可用 could have+过去分词代替 had been able to +动词原形:
Why didnt you read the book yesterday?
你昨天为什么没有看这本书?
Id have read it if I could have bought it!
如果咋夭我能买到这书我就会读的!
词汇学习Word study
1、fear vt.
（1）害怕，畏惧：
If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, the tunnel would have been completed.
如果不是因为那时英国人害怕入侵，隧道早就建成了。
She fears speaking in public.
她害怕当众讲话。
（2）恐怕，猜想（比 be afraid要正式）：
We fear/It is feared/ Were afraid that many lives have been lost in the crash.
在这次撞车事故中恐怕有许多人丢了性命。
I fear that she has lost her way in the forest.
我担心她在森林里迷路了。
2、动词 draw 的一些短语
动词draw的主要含义之一是“拉”、“拖”，它与不同的小品词连用可以有不同的含义。
（1）draw in，使……进入；吸入：
If a train entered the tunnel, it would draw in fresh air behind it.
如果有一列火车开进隧道，它就把新鲜空气随之抽了进来。
The smell of flowers in the shop drew us in.
花的香味使我们走进了这家商店。
（2）draw back，后退，后缩；收回，撤回：
If you take part in the race, you mustnt draw back.
你如果参加比赛，就一定不能退出／后退。
You must finish the work by yourselves now. They have drawn back their people.
你们得靠自己完成这项工作。他们已把他们的人员撤走了。
（3）draw up，停住，使……停住；起草，制订，拟订：
I was waiting for Jill in front of a shop when a taxi drew up beside me.
我正在一家商店门口等吉尔时，一辆出租车停在了我身边。
Have any new agreements been drawn up between the two countries?
这两个国家之间又签订什么新协议了吗？
（4）draw off，撤走，离开：
The villagers had to draw off because of the flood.
由于洪水的缘故，村民们不得不撤走。
When the others were talking loudly, he quietly drew off.
其他人大声交谈时，他悄悄地离开了。
新概念英语第二册第57课:Can I help you, madam? 3
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1、Jeremy Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties.杰里米·汉普登交际甚广，是各种聚会上深受大家欢迎的人。
（1）circle的含义之一是“（具有共同利益或兴趣等的人形成的）圈子”、“……界”：
Such things are never talked about in businese circles.
商业界的人士从来不谈论这种事。
Jeremy used to have a large circle of friends, but now he likes being alone.
杰里米以前交游甚广，但现在他喜欢独处。
（2）popular在这里表示“受欢迎的”、“得人心的”：
She is now a popular actress.
她现在是个走红的演员。
Mary is always popular with/among children.
玛丽总是很受孩子们的欢迎。
2、his great sense of humour,他那绝妙的幽默感。
humour可以指“幽默”、“幽默感”，sense of humour指“幽默感”：
He has a good/great sense of humour.
他很有幽默感。
George has no sense of humour.
乔治没有幽默感。
He is a man without humour.
他是个没有幽默感的人。
3、…everybody, that is, except his six-year-old daughter, Jenny.
……人人，就是说，除他6岁的女儿珍妮之外的每一个人。
（1）that is为插入语，表示“那就是说”、“亦即”，用于补充说明everybody。
He is coming home next Monday, that is, April 5th.
他将于下星期一也就是4月5号到家。
He is coming home next Monday, that is, if he does not change his plan.
他将于下星期一到家，就是说，如果他不改变计划的话。
（2）Jenny为his…daughter的同位语。
（3）数词加名词构成复合形容词可以用于表示年龄、时间、度量等，名词通常用单数：
a twenty-year-old man 一位20岁的男子
a four-hour meeting 历时4小时的会议
a six-foot hole 一个6英尺深的洞（也可以说a hole six feet deep,这时foot用复数）
a three-hour journey 一次3小时的旅程
4、This is the sort of thing that Jeremy loves.这正是杰里米喜欢做的事情。
sort表示“种类”、“类型”，常与of连用：
There are all sorts of flowers in his garden.
他家花园里有各种各样的`花。
You mustnt mix with that sort of people.
你不得与那种人交往。
5、…he did as his daughter asked.……他还是按照女儿的要求做了。
as引导的是方式状语从句，其含义为“如同……那样”、“以……的方式”：
This fish isnt cooked as I like it.
这条鱼不是按我喜欢的那样做的。
6、to his surprise,令他吃惊的是。
to sbs surprise是固定短语：
To my surprise, they cant sell their flat.
使我惊讶的是，他们的那套房子居然卖不出去。
7、Jeremy asked her why this was so…杰里米问她为何不喜欢……
this was so代指前面提到的情况，即she hadnt enjoyed the speech, this指“上述之事”，so表示“如此的”。
语法 Grammar in use
间接引语：祈使句的转述
（1）在第15课与第39课的语法中，我们分别学习了陈述句和疑问句变为间接引语的情况，它们基本上都是引述词(say, tell 等)+（间接宾语）+从句：
He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.
他告诉我，公司支付不起这么庞大的工资开支。（间接陈述句）
He asked if Mr. Gilberts operation had been successful.
他问吉尔伯特先生的手术是否成功。（间接疑问句）
（2）祈使句的情况有所不同。表示命令、请求、建议的祈使句通常可用适当的动词后跟不定式来转述。常用的这类动词有
advise, ask, tell, order, command, warn, invite等，这些动词后往往有间接宾语：
“Remeber to turn off all the lights”she said.
她说:“记着把所有的灯关掉。”
She reminded / told me to turn off all the light.
她提醒/告诉我把所有的灯关掉。
转述这类祈使句的否定形式时，必须将not放在带to的不定式之前：
I advise you not to buy her anything.
我建议你别给她买任何东西。
（3）动词suggest和insist用于转述建议、要求时，其结构为suggest/insist+that从句（用should）：
Why dont they sell the flat?
他们为什么不把那套房子卖掉?
He suggests that they should sell the flat.I hope they wont sell the flat.
他建议他们把那套房子卖掉。我希望他们不把那套房子卖掉。(suggest后面的that可省略;不论suggest是现在时还是过去时，后面都用should)
词汇学习Word study
1、admire vt.
（1）钦佩，赞赏：
Everybody admires him for his great sense of humour.
大家都钦佩他那绝妙的幽默感。
I admire his music more than anyone elses.
比起其他人的音乐来我更赞赏他的。（表示喜好，不可用进行时）
（2）欣赏，观赏：
Frank is admiring your garden.
弗兰克正在欣赏你家的花园。
While admiring the new building, I heard someone calling my name.
正当我在观赏那座新建筑时，我听到有人叫我的名字。
（3）（口语）夸奖，称赞：
Dont forget to admire her new dress.
别忘了赞美她的新衣服。
She likes to hear her children admired.
她喜欢听到她的孩子们受到夸奖。
2、laugh vi.
（1）（大）笑：
Youre very kind to laugh when I tell a funny story.
我很感激你在我讲一个逗人的故事时发笑。
Everybody laughed out loud when he said that.
他说那话时大家都放声大笑。
（2）嘲笑（介词用at）：
If you go round saying things like that, everyone will laugh at you.
如果你到处说那种话，所有的人都会嘲笑你的。
She did not like to see so many people laughing at him.
她不愿意看到那么多人嘲笑他。
如果 laugh at后面跟的是物，则表示“因……而发笑”：
Youre very kind to laugh at my funny stories.
我很感激你因我讲的逗人的故事而发笑。
新概念英语第二册第57课:Can I help you, madam? 4
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Did the narrator find is mothers grave?
I stopped to let the car cool off and to study the map. I had expected to be near my objective by now, but everything still seemed alien to me. I was only five when my father had taken me abroad, and that we eighteen years ago. When my mother had died after a tragic accident, he did not quickly recover from the shock and loneliness. Everything around him was full of her presence, continually reopening the wound. So he decided to emigrate. In the new country he became absorbed in making a new life for the two of us, so that he gradually ceased to grieve. He did not marry again and I was brought up without a womans care; but I lacked for nothing, for he was both father and mother to me. He always meant to go back on day, but not to stay. His roots and mine bad become too firmly embedded in the new land. But he wanted to see the old folk again and to visit my mothers grave. He became mortally ill a few months before we had planned to go and, when he knew that he was dying, he made me promise to go on my own.
I hired a car the day after landing and bought a comprehensive book of maps, which I found most helpful on the cross-country journey, but which I did not think I should need on the last stage. It was not that I actually remembered anything at all. But my father had described over and over again what we should see at every milestone, after leaving the nearest town, so that I was positive I should recognize it as familiar territory. Well, I had been wrong, for I was now lost.
I looked at the map and then at the millimeter. I had come ten miles since leaving the town, and at this point, according to my father, I should be looking at farms and cottages in a valley, with the spire of the church of our village showing in the far distance. I could see no valley, no farms, no cottages and no church spire -- only a lake. I decided that I must have taken a wrong turning somewhere. So I drove back to the town and began to retrace the route, taking frequent glances at the map. I landed up at the same corner. The curious thing was that the lake was not marked on the map. I left as if I had stumbled into a nightmare country, as you sometimes do in dreams. And, as in a nightmare, there was nobody in sight to help me. Fortunately for me, as I was wondering what to do next, there appeared on the horizon a man on horseback, riding in my direction. I waited till he came near, then I asked him the way to our old village. He said that there was now no village. I thought he must have misunderstood me, so I repeated its name. This time he pointed to the lake. The village no longer existed because it had been submerged, and all the valley too. The lake was not a natural one, but a man-made reservoir.
参考译文
我停下车，让汽车发动机冷却一下，同时查看一下地图。我本想离目的地已经不远，但周围一切对我仍很陌生。我5岁那年，父亲就带我出了国，那是前的事 了。当时我母亲在一次事故中惨死，父亲未能很快从悲痛与孤独中恢复过来。他身边的一切都是母亲的影子不断勾起他的伤感。于是他决定移居他国。在这个新的国 家里，父亲专心致志地为我们俩开创一种新的生活，慢慢地不伤心了。父亲没有再娶，因此，我在没有母亲的环境里长大成人。但我却什么都不缺，他既当父亲又当 母亲。他总想将来回国看看，但却不愿长期住下去，因为他与我一样已经把根深深地扎在异国的土地上。 但是，他想看一看家乡父老乡亲，为我的母亲扫墓。就在他计划回国的.前几个月，他突然身患绝症。他知道自己已奄奄一息，于是他要我答应一定单独回故乡一趟。
我下飞机后租了一辆车，并买了一本详尽的地图册。在乡间行车途中，我觉得它非常有用，但快到家了，我倒觉得它没什么用了。这倒并非是我背熟了地图，而是父 亲曾详细给我讲了，在过了离故乡最近的那个小镇后，在每一个路标处可见到些什么。因此，我相信这段路对我来说会是很熟悉的。唉，实际我错了，我现在迷路 了。
我看了看地图，又查了一下里程表。从小镇出来，我走了10英里。照父亲的说法，我面前应是一个山谷，有农场与村舍，还可远远望见老家村子里的教堂的尖顶。 可现在我却看不出山谷，看不见农舍，也看见教学尖顶，看见只是一片湖泊。我想一定是什么地方拐错了弯儿。于是我驾车返回小镇，重新按路线行驶。结果又来到 刚才那个拐弯处。奇怪的是那个湖没有在地图上标出。我感到自己就像平时作梦那样迷迷糊糊地闯进了恶梦境地。就像在恶梦里一样，见不到一个人可以帮助我。不 过，我是幸运的，正当我走投无路之时，从天边出现一个骑马的人向我骑来。等他走近了，问他去老家的路。他说那村子已经没有了。我想他一定误解了我的意思， 于是又说一遍村庄的名字。这次他用手指了一下那个湖。村庄已不复存在，因为已经为水所淹，山谷也被水淹没了。这不是一个天然湖泊，是一座人工修建的水库。
New words and expressions 生词和短语
alien
adj. 异国的，外国的
emigrate
v. 移居（国外）
absorb
v. 全神贯注于
embedded
adj. 扎牢的
mortally
adv. 致命地
comprehensive
adj. 广泛的；丰富的
milestone
n. 里程碑
territory
n. 领地；地区
milometer
n. 计程表
spire
n. （教堂的）塔尖
retrace
v. 返回，重走
stumble
v. 趔趄地走
horizon
n. 地平线
reservoir
n. 水库
Notes on the text课文注释
1 I had expected to be near my objective by now，我本以为这时已经接近目的地了。
“expect的过去完成时+不定式的一般式”，表示过去想做而未做的事。
2 become (be) absorbed in...，作“专心致志于...”、”全神贯注于...“，讲。
3 lack for nothing，什么也不缺。
4 he made me promise to go on my own，他要我答应一定单独回故乡一趟。
promise是不带to的动词不定式，作宾语补足语;on ones own作“单独”、“靠自己的力量”解释。
5 It was not that...at all，和下文的But ... territory，这里两个句子实际用的是一个完整的句型:not that...but that(不是因为...而是因为...)。
新概念英语第二册第57课:Can I help you, madam? 5
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
How did the woman get help?
When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark, she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early next morning, she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.
参考译文
不久前，一架轻型客机偏离了航线，在山区坠毁，飞行员丧生。机上仅有的乘客，一位年轻的妇女和她的两个女婴却平安无事。此时正值隆冬季节，地上积着 厚厚的雪。这位妇女知道，即使最近的村庄也有数英里远。天黑下来的时候，她把提箱当作小床，把两个孩子放了进去，又把所有能找到的`衣服都盖在了孩子们身 上。夜里，天冷得厉害。这位妇女尽可能地靠近孩子，甚至自己也想钻进箱子里去，只是箱子太小了。第二天一大早，她听到头顶上有飞机飞过，但不知道怎样才能 发个信号。后来她有了一个主意。她在雪地上踩出了“SOS”这3个字母。幸运得很，一位飞行员看到这个信号，用无线电给最近的城镇发了报。不久，一架直升 飞机飞抵飞机失事现场，来搭救这几个幸存者。
New words and expressions 生词和短语
thick
adj. 厚的
signal
n. 信号
stamp
v. 跺，踩
helicopter
n. 直升飞机
scene
n. 现场
survivor
n. 幸存者
新概念英语第二册第57课:Can I help you, madam? 6
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1． flew off course,飞离航线。
off表示“偏离”，为介词：
Our office is off the main street.
我们的办公室不靠大街。
During the storm, the ship went off course.
在暴风雨中，船驶离了航线。
2． her two baby daughters, 她的两个女婴。
baby在这里是形容词，指“幼小的”。
3． Snow Iay thick on the ground.地上积着厚厚的雪。
lie表示“处于某种状态”时，后面常跟形容词或分词：
When I saw her yesterday, she lay ill in bed.
昨天我见到她时，她正卧病在床。
The old man lies ill and neglected in bed.
老人卧病在床，无人照管。
4． The woman kept as near as she could to the children…这位妇女尽可能地靠近孩子……
keep在这里表示“保持（某种状态）”。 as…as one can/could和 as…as possible同义，都表示“尽可能……”：
He got through as much food as he could and set out.
他吃了尽可能多的食物，然后出发了。
Tell Jim to come to my office as soon as he can.
让吉姆尽快到我的`办公室来。
5. She stamped out the letters‘SoS’ in the snow.她在雪地上踩出了”SOS"这3个字母。
out在这里为副词，表示“出现”、“显露”等：
The writer has brought out another book.
这位作家又出版了一本书。
He wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.
他开列一张长长的单子，上面列了所有禁吃的食物。
6. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash. 不久，一架直升飞机飞抵飞机失事现场，来搭救这几个幸存者。
（1）to引导的不定式为目的状语。
（2）It was not long before…为固定句型，表示“不久就……”（也可以用 It will not be long before…表示将来可能发生的事），
其含义与before long（不久）相近，只是before在课文这个句型中是连词，而在before long中为介词：
It was not long before they learnt the news.
他们不久就知道了这消息。
It will not be long before he gets over his illness.
他大概不久就会痊愈。
词汇学习Word study
1．可以表示“变成”的一些动词
grow, turn, go, get, come, fall等动词均有“变成”的意思，但它们在用法上有时有差别。
（1）grow表示“（逐渐）变得”，比get要正式些：
He has grown fat.
他长胖了。
He has grown to like studying mathematics.
他渐渐喜欢学数学了。
It was growing hot.
天渐渐热了起来。
（2）turn表示“把（状态、性质）改变（成）……”或“使变颜色”等：
Leaves will turn yellow in autumn.
秋天时树叶将会变黄。
Jasper hopes the stone Medusa will turn cars and their owners to stone.
贾斯珀希望这个石头的蛇发女怪美杜莎会把汽车和汽车
主人们都变成石头。
A colony of be had turned the engine into a hive
一群蜜蜂把发动机变成了蜂房。
（3）go表示“变成（某种状态）”，通常表示不好的变化：
Big Ben has rarely gone wrong.
“大本”钟很少出差错。
Some foods go bad easily.
有些食品容易变质。
（4）get在口语中使用较多，表示“成为（某种状态）”：
Things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.
近来情况变得如此糟糕，以致他决定节食。
Its getting warmer and warmer.
天气越来越暖和了。
（5）come可以表示“变成”、“成为”、“达到”等，与true连用时表示“实现”：
Her dream to swim across the channel has come true.
她横渡海峡的梦想实现了。
（6）fall也可以表示“变成……的状态”：
You fell asleep while I was talking to you.
我和你说话时，你就睡着了。
He fell ill last week, so he didnt come to your wedding.
上星期他病了，所以没来参加你们的婚礼。
2．scene n.
（1）（事件发生的）地点，现场：
A helicopter soon arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors.
一架直升飞机很快飞抵出事现场，搭救幸存者。
These things were found at the scene of the murder.
这些是在谋杀现场找到的物品。
（2）风景，景色；景象：
A beautiful scene always makes me delighted.
美丽的景色总使我高兴。
I have just seen a sad scene.
我刚见到一个悲惨的景象。
新概念英语第二册第57课:Can I help you, madam? 7
First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did the plane turn back?
I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. A flight attendant would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, a flight attendant told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.
参考译文
我在幼年的时候，曾多次乘飞机旅行。我的`父母曾经住在南美洲，所以假期里我常从欧洲乘飞机到他们那里。我总是由一位空中乘务员照管，从未遇到过不愉 快的经历。我习惯了乘飞机旅行，只是有一次把我吓坏了。起飞之后，我们在城市上空低低地飞行，然后慢慢爬高。这时飞机突然调转头来，飞回了机场。在我们等 待降落时，一位空中乘务员告诉我们要保持镇静，待飞机一着陆，就马上不声不响地离开飞机。飞机上的人都很着急，大家都急于想知道究竟出了什么事。后来我们 才得知，飞机上坐了一位非常重要的人物。有人报告警察，说飞机上安放了一枚炸弹。我们降落之后，飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。幸运的是，什么也没有找到。5个小 时后，我们又起飞了。
New words and expressions 生词和短语
parent
n. 父（母）亲
flight attendant
空中乘务员
frightened
adj. 害怕，担惊
curious
adj. 急于了解，好奇的
bomb
n. 炸弹
plant
v. 安放
新概念英语第二册第57课:Can I help you, madam? 8
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1． A flight attendent would take charge of me…我总是由一位空中乘务员照管……
would表示过去经常发生的事，它与 used to的区别参见第55 课语法。 take charge(of)为固定短语，表示“接管”、“开始管理”等：
She took charge of the child after his parents died.
孩子的父母去世后，她接管了那孩子。
The new manager will take charge (of the company) from next week.
新经理从下星期开始管理公司。
2．…only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.……只是有一次把我吓坏了。
这是一个倒装句。倒装句的结构为“副词+助动词(be, do, have, can, must等)+主语+句子的其余部分”。它通常用来加强语气，是典型的正式修辞和正式文体。用倒装句的情况包括：
（1）句首为否定或近似否定的副词(never, rarely, little, on no occasion, hardly, no sooner…than等)：
Never has he got so many letters.
他从未收到过这么多信。
Little does he realize how important this meeting is.
他对这个会议的重要性知之甚少。
On no occasion must you accept any money if he offers it.
他如果给你钱，你可绝不能接受。
Hardly had he begun his speech when he was interrupted.
他刚开始讲话就被人打断了。
No sooner had he returned than he bought a house and went to live there.
他刚一回来便买下了一幢房子住了进去。
（2）句首为only构成的词组（如 only after, only then等）：
Only then did I realize what a mistake I have made.
只是到了那时我才意识到我犯了个什么错误。
Only after she had taken off her coat and hat could I recognize her.
只有在她脱掉大衣和摘下帽子以后我才认出了她。
3． gain height,（飞机）增加高度，爬高。
gain在这里为及物动词，表示“增加”：
The car gained speed when it was outside the town.
汽车驶出城区后便加快了速度。
He has gained so much weight that he decides to go on a diet.
他体重增加得太多了，便决定节食。
4．touch down,（飞机）着陆，降落。
After eight hours, the plane touched down at New York airport.
8小时之后，飞机在纽约机场着陆。
Dont stand up before the plane has touched down.
飞机着陆前不要站起来。
5. Everybody on board was worried …飞机上的'人都很着急……
固定短语on board表示“搭乘（船、飞机、火车、汽车等）”、“在（船、飞机、火车、汽车等）上”：
Tom has never been on board a plane before.
汤姆以前从没有乘过飞机。
There was a very important person on board(the ship).
那条船上有一位非常重要的人物。
词汇学习Word study
1． plant vt.
（1）种植；在……内种植：
Trees were planted along the river.
河边栽了树。
They planted grass seed on the desolate hills.
他们在那些荒凉的山丘上撒播草籽。
Joe plants his garden with many flowers and vegetables.
乔在他的花园里种植了许多花卉和蔬菜。
（2）放置，安置；布置：
A bomb was planted on the plane.
飞机上安放了一枚炸弹。
On that day many policemen were planted along the main street.
那天（城里的）主要街道上部署了许多警察。
2．与take有关的短语动词
take可以与许多小品词连用而产生不同的含义，与同一个小品词连用时也可以有多种含义，这里仅选其中的一小部分。
（1）take off最常用的含义为“脱下（衣服、鞋子等）”：
Why dont you take off your coat/hat/glasses?
你为什么不把你的大衣脱掉／帽子摘掉／眼镜摘下？
它还可以表示“（飞机）起飞”或“（鸟）飞起”：
After taking off, we first flew low over the city.
起飞之后，我们先在城市上空低低地飞行。
The plane will take off in half an hour.
飞机将于半小时后起飞。
在口语中，take off可以表示“（嘲弄地）模仿”：
As a boy, Jim used to take off his elders.
吉姆小时候经常模仿长者。
（2）take after表示“（长相、性格等）像（父母等）”：
Jane isnt easy to get along with. She takes after her mother.
简不大容易相处。她像她母亲。
（3）take up的含义之一为“占（时间、地方等）”：
Your books have taken up too much space.
你的书占的地方太大了。
This work wont take up too much of your time.
这项工作不会占你太多的时间。
take up还可以表示“开始（从事、产生兴趣等）”：
He took up tennis/painting two years ago.
两年前他开始打网球／学绘画。
（4）take to的含义之一为“养成……的习惯”或“开始沉缅于”（后面跟名词／动名词）：
When did he take to drinking/smoking?
他什么时候养成酗酒／抽烟的习惯的？
（5）take in的含义之一为“欺骗”（多用于口语中，常用被动语态）：
On one occasion I was taken in.
有一次我被骗了。
（6）take down可以表示“写下”、“记下”：
I forgot to take down his telephone number.
我忘了记下他的电话号码。
At the police station, everything he said was taken down.
在警察局，他说的每句话都被记了下来。
（7）take over的含义之一为“接收”、“接管”：
We all hope that things will get better when the new manager takes over.
我们都希望新经理接管后情况会好转。
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