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考研英语一阅读理解真题
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考研英语一阅读理解真题 1
Passage
In the early days of the United States, postal charges were paid by the recipient and charges varied with the distance carried. In 1847 the United States Post Office Department adopted the idea of a postage stamp, which of course simplified the payment for postal service but caused grumbling by those who did not like to prepay. Besides, the stamp covered only delivery to the post office and did not include carrying it to a private address. In Philadelphia, for example, with a population of 150,000, people still had to go to the post office to get their mail. The confusion and congestion of individual citizens looking for their letters was itself enough to discourage use of the mail. It is no wonder that, during the years of these cumbersome arrangements, private letter-carrying and express businesses developed. Although their activities were only semi-legal, they thrived, and actually advertised that between Boston and Philadelphia they were a half-day speedier than the government mail. The government postal service lost volume to private competition and was not able to handle efficiently even the business it had.
Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery service was at first confined to cities, and free home delivery became a mark of urbanism. As late as 1887, a town had to have 10,000 people to be eligible for free home delivery. In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United States, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors. The rest, nearly three-quarters of the population, still received no mail unless they went to their post office.
问题：
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The history of postal charges in the United States.
B. The development of private mail-carrying businesses.
C. The improvement of the United States postal service.
D. The influence of the postage stamp on mail delivery.
2. According to the passage, in the early days of the United States, how were postal charges paid?
A. By the sender.
B. By the recipient.
C. Partly by the sender and partly by the recipient.
D. By private express businesses.
3. The private letter-carrying and express businesses developed because...
A. people were dissatisfied with the government postal service.
B. the government postal service was inefficient.
C. they could deliver letters faster than the government postal service.
D. all of the above.
4. In 1863, what change took place in the United States postal service?
A. Postal carriers began to receive a government salary.
B. Free home delivery became available in cities.
C. The postage stamp was introduced.
D. The delivery service was extended to rural areas.
5. As of 1890, what proportion of the population in the United States received free home delivery?
A. A small proportion.
B. About half.
C. The majority.
D. Almost all.
答案：
1. C（文章主要讲述了美国邮政服务的发展历程，从最初由收件人付费且存在诸多不便，到后来逐步改进，包括引入邮票、解决投递问题等）
2. B（In the early days of the United States, postal charges were paid by the recipient.）
3. D（人们对政府邮政服务不满意，政府邮政服务效率低下，私人邮递业务比政府邮政服务更快，这些都是私人邮递业务发展的原因）
4. B（Finally, in 1863, Congress provided that the mail carriers who delivered the mail from the post offices to private addresses should receive a government salary, and that there should be no extra charge for that delivery. But this delivery service was at first confined to cities.）
5. A（In 1890, of the 75 million people in the United States, fewer than 20 million had mail delivered free to their doors. The rest, nearly three-quarters of the population, still received no mail unless they went to their post office.所以是一小部分人能享受免费上门投递服务）。
考研英语一阅读理解真题 2
Passage
The concept of time has fascinated humans for centuries. Different cultures have had diverse understandings and measurements of time. In ancient civilizations, time was often tied to natural phenomena such as the movement of the sun, moon, and stars. The Egyptians, for example, developed a sophisticated calendar based on the annual flooding of the Nile and the position of celestial bodies.
As societies advanced, so did the need for more accurate timekeeping. Mechanical clocks emerged in the Middle Ages, revolutionizing the way people perceived and organized their days. These early clocks were large and expensive, mainly found in churches and town halls. They served not only as timekeepers but also as symbols of power and authority.
However, it was the invention of the quartz clock in the 20th century that truly transformed timekeeping. Quartz clocks are highly accurate and affordable, making them accessible to the masses. They are now found in almost every home and device, from wristwatches to computers.
Despite the prevalence of accurate timekeeping devices, our relationship with time remains complex. We are constantly racing against the clock, trying to fit more activities into our busy lives. We set deadlines, make schedules, and live by the minute. Yet, we also find ourselves longing for moments of timelessness, when we can escape the pressures of time and simply be.
问题：
1. What was time often tied to in ancient civilizations?
A. Mechanical inventions.
B. Cultural traditions.
C. Natural phenomena.
D. Social hierarchies.
2. What role did early mechanical clocks play?
A. They were mainly used for scientific research.
B. They were symbols of power and authority.
C. They were accessible to all people.
D. They were mainly decorative items.
3. What made quartz clocks revolutionary?
A. Their large size.
B. Their high cost.
C. Their accuracy and affordability.
D. Their unique design.
4. How do we often feel in our relationship with time?
A. Relaxed and carefree.
B. In control and at ease.
C. Constantly pressured.
D. Indifferent and unconcerned.
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The history of timekeeping devices and our complex relationship with time.
B. The importance of accurate timekeeping in modern society.
C. The differences between ancient and modern timekeeping methods.
D. The negative effects of time pressure on our lives.
答案：
1. C（In ancient civilizations, time was often tied to natural phenomena such as the movement of the sun, moon, and stars.）
2. B（These early clocks were large and expensive, mainly found in churches and town halls. They served not only as timekeepers but also as symbols of power and authority.）
3. C（However, it was the invention of the quartz clock in the 20th century that truly transformed timekeeping. Quartz clocks are highly accurate and affordable, making them accessible to the masses.）
4. C（We are constantly racing against the clock, trying to fit more activities into our busy lives.表明我们在与时间的关系中常常感到有压力。）
5. A（文章主要讲述了计时设备的历史发展以及我们与时间复杂的.关系。）
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