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高考英语动词词性分类及用法参考
一、系动词(link-v)。 句子结构:①主语+系动词+表语(S+V.+P)
连系动词不能独立做谓语,必须跟表语一起构成谓语。系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句等。系动词无被动形式。
(1) 表示特征或状态: be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, feel, turn out, prove等。
1) It sounds a good idea.
2) This food tastes good.
3) The door remained closed.
(2) 表示持续: keep, remain, stay, lie, stand等。
1) I hope you will keep fit.
2) We can remain friends.
3) Please stay seated.
(3) 表示变化: become, go, get, grow, turn, fall, come, run等。
1) He went mad.
2) His hair turned grey.
3) I fell ill.
二、不及物动词。不及物动词后面通常不跟宾语,且无被动形式。句子结构:②主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)。
1) Birds can fly.
2) I can jump high.
其他不及物动词:agree, arrive, arise, belong, come, die, dive, exist, fall, flow, go, happen, hurry, rise, listen, look, rise, run, sit, sail, succeed walk, work, stay等。
不及物动词若要跟宾语,必须在其后加介词方可再接宾语(Vi+prep.+O)。
1) Look at me !
2) Sit on the stool!
三、及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语,且可以用于被动语态。句子结构如下:
1. ③主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.
还有forget, receive, see, say, supply, select, show, take, raise, visit, spend等
2. ④主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)(S+Vt+sb+sth)
1) Please show me the letter.
2) Please hand me the book over there.
3) Can you buy me a meal?
4) John has sent Betty a cheque of $1000.
5) I will give you the latest newsletter.
6) She made me a beautiful dress.
若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for, 如:
1) He brings cookies to me every day.
2) She made a beautiful dress for me.
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