高考英语指导：弄清定状语

时间：2022-12-09 17:14:48 高考英语我要投稿

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高考英语指导：弄清定状语

　　句子是构成篇章的基本单位。要读懂一篇文章，首先要理解每个句子。同样，要写出一篇文章，首先要写好每个句子。一个句子最短的基本成分是“主+谓”，最长的基本成分是“主+谓+宾+补”。基本成分的修饰语为附属成分：定语―修饰限制名词或代词的单词?短语或从句;状语―修饰限制谓语?句子或句子里一部分的单词?短语或从句。

高考英语指导：弄清定状语

　　英语中的定语可分为限制性定语和非限制性定语。用来作定语的有：名词?数词?形容词?代词?副词?介词短语?非谓语动词和定语从句等等。

　　1. 限制性定语：单个词放在被修饰的词前面，短语和从句放在被修饰的词后面。

　　(1)名词?形容词?副词?数词?代词或介词短语等;

　　①She worked in a shoe factory.

　　②Please don’t be so cruel to a ten-year-old child like that.

　　副词作定语一般放在被修饰的词后面, 以表示位置的居多。如：

　　③Do you know the man over there?

　　④Poor Jack tottered toward a hospital nearby.

　　present, absent, a-开头的形容词和形容词短语作定语放在被修饰的词之后。可以理解成which /that / who +is(was) / are(were)引导的定语从句的省略。如：

　　⑤All the people present at the party were his supporters.

　　⑥I think he is the oldest man alive in the small town.

　　(1)非谓语动词(短语),一般可转换成限制性定语从句。

　　①Let’s find a restaurant to have lunch in.

　　句中黑体部分可改为：where/in which we can have lunch

　　②The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well spent.

　　句中黑体部分可改为：that/which was well spent

　　③He came in, full of fear. (表伴随，相当于When he came in, he was full of fear.)

　　④Ripe, the fruit tastes better. (表时间，相当于When the fruit is ripe.)

　　⑤Right or wrong, I will stand on your side. (表让步，相当于Whether you are right or wrong.)

　　(2)非谓语动词(短语)，可转换成状语从句。如：

　　①Lost in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. =句中黑体部分可补充为：After they were lost in the mountains for a week.

　　②It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars.

　　句中黑体部分可改为：in order that they could have a look at the sports stars

　　(3)状语从句。

　　①The house could fall down soon if no one does some quick repair work. (表条件)

　　②Roses need special care so that they can live through winter. (表目的)

　　③Since /as the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.(表原因)

　　④He speaks English as though he were an Englishman. (表方式)

　　熟练掌握句子的附属成分，对准确理解句子意思大有裨益，对长句的理解很有好处。在阅读中，有利于将长句读短，去掉枝蔓，抓住核心，提高篇章的理解能力。了解句子的附属成分也有助于写作。正确使用好句子附属成分能将意思表达更加准确，叙述更加生动，丰富表达方式，增强文章感染力。

　　真题精练

　　1. (2006年上海)I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To _____ else, it was hard to make out.

　　A. none B. everyone C. someone D. anyone

　　2. (2006年北京)There have been several new events _____ to the program for the 2008 Olympic Games.

　　A. add B. to add C. adding D. added

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