非谓语动词短语
英语单词的产生是汉英两种语言双向交流的产物，一些带有中国特色的名称和概念进入了英语词汇，同时还有一些英语词汇进入了汉语，在文化环境中衍生出新的含义，形成了英语词汇的语义文化特征。以下是小编整理的非谓语动词短语，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
非谓语动词短语
后接不定式to do/do
1.like to do sth
2.like sb to do sth
3.Lets (not ) do sth
4.want to do sth
5.want sb to do sth
6.love to do sth
7.ask sb (not ) to do sth
8.stop to do sth
9.tell sb (not ) to do sth
10.watch sb do sth
11.Its time (for sb) to do sth
12.help sb (to ) do sth
13.help do sth
14.make sb do sth
15.decide (not ) to do sth
16.find it +adj + to do sth
17.have to do sth
18.try (not ) to do sth
19.try ones best to do sth
20.Its +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth
21.plan to do sth
22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth
23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth
24.send sb to do sth
25.invite sb to do sth
26.forget to do sth
27.live to be +时间
28.be able to do sth
29.have sth to do
30.seem to do sth
31.get sb /sth to do sth
32.疑问词+ to do sth
33.need sth to do sth
34.use sth to do sth
35.follow sb to sth
36.need to do sth
37.a good time to do sth
38.the best time to do sth
39.the best way to do sth
40.be the first / last one to do sth
41.would like to do sth
42.be excited /surprised to do sth
43.be useful to do sth
44.be allowed to do sth
45.allow sb to do sth
46.Its better to do sth
47.Its best to do sth
48.take care (not) to do sth
49.see sb do sth
50.why not do sth ?
51.have enough time to do sth
52.too… to do sth
53.not… enough to do sth
54.encourage sb to do sth
55.choose to sth
56.wait to do sth
57.be happy/glad/pleased to do sth
58.make it +adj + to do sth
59.be careful to do sth
60.be afraid to do sth
61.Its our duty to do sth
62.used to do sth
63.cant afford to do sth
64.make a decision to do sth
65.have an opportunity to do sth
66.wait for sb to do sth
67.would do sth rather than do sth
68.would rather do sth than do sth
69.hurry to do sth
70.refuse to do sth
71.agree to do sth
72.pretend to do sth
73.pretend to be doing sth
74.prefer to do sth
75.prefer not to do sth
76.prefer to do sth raher than do sth
77.be willing to do sth
78.volunteer +时间/ 钱 + to do sth
79.volunteer to do sth
80.offer to do sth
81.rush to do sth
82.in order (not ) to do sth
83.be certain to do sth
84.be sure to do sth
85.make plans to do sth
86.go out of their way to do sth
87.lead sb to do sth
88.Its ones job to do sth
89.Its ones turn to do sth
90.urge sb to do sth
91.Could /Would you please (not) do sth ?
92.be supposed to do sth
93.warn sb to do sth
后接动名词doing
1.like doing sth
2.enjoy doing sth
3.have fun doing sth
4.be interested in doing sth
5.Thanks for doing sth
6.look at sb doing sth
7.stop sb doing sth
8.stop sb from doing sth
9.go + v-ing
10.do the (some )+v-ing
11.What/How doing sth ?
12.practice doing sth
13.watch sb doing sth
14.find sb doing sth
15.mind (ones ) doing sth
16.cant stand doing sth
17.think about doing sth
18.spend … (in)doing sth
19.finish doing sth
20.be busy doing sth
21.keep doing sth
22.keep sb from doing sth
23.keep sb doing sth
24.be good at doing sth
25.hate doing sth
26.There be +名词+doing sth
27.make a living by doing sth
28.have a difficult time doing sth
29.feel like doing sth
30.allow doing sth
31.see sb doing sth
32.by doing sth
33.end up doing sth
34.do a survey about doing sth
35.be afraid of doing sth
36.be used to doing sth
37.be terrified of doing sth
38.give up doing sth
39.instead of doing sth
40.have nothing against doing sth
41.be serious about doing sth
42.have a chance of doing sth
43.before/ when /while +doing sth
44.start doing sth
45.have a lot of experience doing sth
46.prefer doing sth
47.consider doing sth
48.dream of / about doing sth
49.continue doing sth
50.put off doing sth
51.be used for doing sth =be used to do sth
52.prefer doing sth to doing sth
53.without doing sth
54.be comfortable doing sth
55.cant stop/help doing sth
56.look forward to doing sth
57.be against doing sth
58.have trouble/problems/difficulty (in) doing sth
59.suggest doing sth
60.be busy doing sth
61.be worth doing sth
非谓语动词短语
I.概述
1.基本形式的变化：
不定式：
时态主动态被动态
一般式to doto be done
进行式to be doing
完成式to have builtto have been built
John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. (一般式的主动态)
He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)
He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)
He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)
This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)
v-ing形式
时态主动态被 动 态
一般式doingbeing done
完成式having donehaving been done
注意：不及物动词没有被动式
动名词
I am sure of his coming in time. (一般式主动态) (= I am sure that he will come in time)
He is proud of being selected as monitor. (一般式被动态) (= He is proud that he is selected as monitor.)
I’m confident of his having passed the exam. (完成式主动态)
(= I am confident that he have passed the exam.)
He complained of having been cheated by others. (完成式被动态)
现在分词
He sat in a chair,reading a novel. (一般式主动态)
Being exhausted by work, he fell asleep quickly. (一般式被动态)
Having finished his homework, he went playing. (完成式主动态)
All this having been settled, he went home. (完成式被动态)
2.所做成分
项目/成分主语表语宾语宾补定语状语
动词的ing形式现在分词 △ △△△
动名词△△△ △
不定式 △△△△△△
过去分词 △ △△△
注：现在分词、不定式、过去分词都可以作独立成分。
II.基本知识
1.动词不定式在句中充当的成分
①作主语。
To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.
To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的
在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。
It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。
②作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：
help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)
He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。
He promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。
I didn’t expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。
在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。
He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。
I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。
③作定语(常置于名词之后)。
由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词
代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure,
intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)
She is always the first student to arrive at school.
He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。
I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。
I have no desire to travel.
You’ll find something to interest you here.
注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。
I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.
I found no one to play with.
④作状语
I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.(不至于跌倒) (表目的)
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)
He tried only to fail. (结果没有成功)
She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)
不定式常用于修饰下列形容词：
able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit,frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful,thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.
French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。
I’m sorry to interrupt you, but I have to.
⑤作独立副词成分。
To speak frankly, I don’t like your attitude.
⑥与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。
The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。
注意：
①在有些动词后常用疑问词 + 动词不定式的结构。这类动词有：know, ask, tell, show, wonder,consider,understand, learn, instruct, guess, see, explain, discover, imagine, think, hear 等。
He didn’t know what to do next.
I haven’t decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。
②不定式的复合结构
由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。
It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工
His idea is for us to travel in different cars.他的主意是让我们乘不同的车去旅游。
由of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：brave, careless,,clever,courageous,foolish,good, honest,kind,nice,rash, right,rude, stupid,silly,thoughtful,thoughtless,wrong, wise等。
It’s kind of you to say so.
It’s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!
你真勇敢，冲进着火的大楼里救这个婴儿
③不带to 的动词不定式
▲在有些使役动词及感官动词后可用省略to的动词不定式，如let,make,have, hear,see,feel,smell,hear,watch等。
The teacher often makes me rewrite the composition.老师常常让我把作文重写。
将该句转换成被动语态：I am often made by the teacher to rewrite the composition.
I heard her say that she was fed up.
▲在下列结构后常用不带to的动词不定式：had better, would rather, can not but, cannot help but,do nothing but等。
I’d better go now, or I’ll miss the train.
They can not but accept his advice.我只好接受他的建议。
▲在except, but 之前有动词do作实义动词，则except, but 后一般接不带to的动词不定式，反之则接带to的动词不定式。
We have no choice but to wait.我们除了等待别无选择(我们只好等待)。
There is no choice but to go there.
There is nothing to do but to (to 可省略) read a book.
▲在why, why not结构中，紧接其后的动词不定式不带to
Why argue with him?
Why not send those books back?为什么不把那些书送回去?
2.动名词在句中充当的成分
①作主语
Asking for help is sometimes necessary. 请求帮助有时是必要的。
Eating too much is not good for your health.吃得太多对你的健康不利。
Teaching offers something besides money and power.
②作补语、表语
Seeing is believing.
We call such an act cheating.我们称这样的行为为作弊/欺骗行为。
③作以下及物动词及词组的的宾语
建议冒险去献身：advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to
忍受期待不停顿：bear/stand(忍受), look forward to, stop
放弃延期悔失去：give up, delay, put off, regret, miss
坚持欣赏(想)要(实)践(完)成：keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish
注意原谅避反对：pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to
考虑要求不自禁：consider, require, cannot help
允许习惯不介意：forbid; permit, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind
值得开始想动名：be worth, set about, imagine
The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.冒险游过河
His wife doesn#39;t allow smoking inside the room but allows him to smoke outside the room
他的妻子不允许在室内抽烟，但是允许他在室外抽。
All of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer.
他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多呆几天时间。
I#39;m looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Being ill for a few days,she doesn#39;t feel like eating anything.不想吃任何东西
另在want, need, require等动词后，常用动名词的主动形式表示被动的意思(主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系)。
My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.)
⑤作定语
它与被修饰词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，通常只表示用途或与所修饰的名词有关的动作。
The factory built a swimming pool last year.游泳池
Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.教学方法
⑥作同位语
His hobby, making model airplanes, is very interesting.
注意：
①动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或名词所有格 + 动名词构成。如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成，在句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：
Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door?
My closing the door made him angry.
I can’t stand Lao Chang’s talking like that about other comrades.
②动名词的某些固定结构
▲It is + no use, no good(fun,a great pleasure, a waste of time,a bore...)等名词+doing sth.
It is no use crying.哭没有用。
It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。
It is a waste of time trying to explain.设法解释是浪费时间。
▲It is + useless+doing sth.
It is useless speaking.光说没用。
▲There is no + v-ing “…是不可能的”。
There is no knowing how old she is.(= I t is impossible to know how old she is.)
There is no telling where she’s gone.(= It is impossible / difficult to know where she’s gone.)
▲make a point of + doing “认为…是必要的”
Our family make a point of going to church every Sunday.(= Our family make it a rule to go to church every Sunday.)
▲be on the point of + doing “濒临，将要…”
He was on the point of leaving.
▲on (upon) + doing “一…就…”
On hearing the news, I changed my plans.(= As soon as I heard the news, I changed my plans.)
▲go + doing (大部分指运动和游戏)
He went shopping / hiking / swimming / fishing etc.
▲动名词短语常用在以下结构中
have difficulty (in) + doing sth
have trouble (in) + doing sth
have fun (in) + doing sth/
have a good time (in) + doing sth/have a hard time (in) + doing sth
▲feel like + 名词“想要”=would like to +原形动词
Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看电影吗?
I don#39;t feel like reading tonight.今晚我不想读书。
3.分词在句中充当的成分
①作定语。作定语的分词如果是单个分词，放在所修饰的名词前;如果是分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面。在用作定语时，分词在意思上接近一个定语从句。
The boring snow made the bored boys go home. (= The snow was boring, so the boys wee bored and went home.)
China is a developing socialist country.发展中的社会主义国家
The man writing the obituary (讣告) is my friend.
(= The man who is writing the obituary is my friend.)
The broken glass scattered on the ground.破杯
注：现在分词与过去分词都可作定语，但现在分词表达的是正在进行的事情，有主动意义;而过去分词表示的是已完成的事情，有被动意义。
②作表语、宾语补足语。能带分词作宾补的动词常见的有see, hear, keep, find, notice, watch, think, want, smell, observe等。
The story is boring.
I found him reading a novel. 在读小说(现在分词作宾语补足语)
I found him surrounded by a group of children.一群孩子包围着 (过去分词作宾语补足语)
③作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间,原因, 条件,结果,伴随情况。
Having read all the required papers, he answered the questions fluently.(时间)
Being short of money, I decided to apply for the work.(原因)
Seriously injured, Allen was rushed to the hospital.(原因)
If going there by plane, we’ll have to pay twice as much.(条件)
Unless asked to answer questions, the pupils were not supposed to talk in Mrs Smith’s class.(条件)
The farmer used a new insecticide, thus raising the average yield by 15%.(结果)
He sat in a rocking chair, watching TV.(伴随)
注意：分词的特殊结构
①独立主格
有时分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致，这时分词须带上自身的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。
That being the case, we’d better make some changes in the plan.
Weather permitting, we will go out. == if weather permits
The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.
②“with或without + 名词或代词 + 分词”的复合结构
常用作补充说明或表示伴随情况。例如：He fell asleep with the lamp burning.
③某些固定结构
generally / frankly speaking …,judging from / by …中，分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，这种结构只限于为数很少的几个动词。
Judging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family.从他的衣着判断
Frankly speaking, I don#39;t like him at all.坦率地说
④catch+宾语+doing
I caught them stealing my apples.我抓住他们偷我的苹果。
If she catches me reading her diary，she#39;ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日记，她会愤怒的
注：有些现在分词可以作介词用：如concerning, considering, regarding, respecting等。
Considering his age, he is tall.考虑了他的年龄
I have nothing to say concerning his speech.关于他的演讲
非谓语动词短语
一、不定式的用法小结：
1、在句中所担当的句子成分：主语、表语、宾语(动词后的宾语和介词后的宾语)、定语、补语(尤其是不带to的动词原形)、状语
2、不定式在句中担当各成分时的难点及重点
⑴在句中作主语：
①在It is adj. for sb. to do sth.和It is adj. of sb. to do sth.句型中。
在前一句型中形容词是表示事物特征的客观性形容词。如：difficult, hard, easy, necessary, rare, possible, important, dangerous等。在后一句型中，形容词是表示人的品质特征的主观性形容词。如：kind, careful, nice, polite, honest, clever, foolish, wise, lazy等。常可以把这类句型进行改变，因为逻辑主语既是不定式的主语，又与句子的形容词存在着主表关系。
e.g. It is kind of you to come to see me = you are kind to come to see me.
②有三个形容词good, wrong, right的逻辑主语既可以用of又可以用for,但表达的意义不同。
e.g. It is good for you to talk a walk after super. (good为“对……有好处，益处”)
It is good of you to be always ready to help others. ( good为“善心，好意)
⑵在句中作宾语：
①只接不定式的动词：agree, fail, arrange, decide, hope, expect, refuse, manage, promise, pretend, wish, afford, attempt, plan等。
②不定式可用在介词but, except, besides, than之后做宾语。在but, except, besides前有行为动词do时，跟不带to的动词不定式;无行为动词do时，带to的不定式，但在than之后的不定式常无to。
e.g. I have no choice but/except to accept the fact.
Little Tom had nothing to do except wander about in the street.
What do you like to do besides swim.
They thought that there was no way out than climb the cliff.
他们认为除爬悬崖之外无路可出。
③不定式在下列动词后常作真正宾语：
make/find/feel/consider/think/believe +it +adj./n.+ to do sth.
⑶在句中作定语：
①名词受the last, the very, the only,序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，一定用不定式做后置定语。 e.g. He is always the first person to come.
②在名词之后做定语表动作时，用不定式。这些名词有：effort, failure, promise, desire, attempt 。
e.g. Please make an effort to arrive early.
They had little desire to get rich.
His failure to enter the college made him quite disappointed.
③不定式作定语用主动表被动的情况：
Ⅰ.不定式的逻辑主语是主句的主语和宾语，名词与不定式之间又存在动宾关系，常用不定式的主动表被动。
e.g. I have a lot of work to do./ I’ll give you something to read.
Ⅱ.在某些形容词之后的状语，又与主语是动宾关系，用不定式的主动表被动。这些形容词有：heavy, light, hard/difficult, easy, fit, convenient, comfortable, good, dangerous, safe.
e.g. The question is easy to answer.
The room is comfortable to live in.
Ⅲ.在there be句型中，不定式的主动和被动都可以，意义基本一致。
There is a lot of work to do/ to be done.
但：There is nothing to do. (译为：没事可做)
There is nothing to be done. (译为：没有办法)
⑷不定式在句中作宾补的情况：
①跟不定式作宾补的动词：get, ask, tell, allow, permit, want, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encourage, forbid, wish, drive等。
②不带to的动词不定式作宾补的动词：五看两听一感觉，外加三个使役词。如：see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel, let, make, have。而help是可有可无to的动词。
二、动名词：
1、在句中的作用：主语、表语、宾语、定语
2、动名词在句中担当各成分时的难点及重点：
⑴用动名词作主语的句型：
It’s no good/ no use doing sth..
There is no doing…. (……是不行的，做……是不可能的)
It’s worthwhile doing sth. (做……是值得的)
e.g. There is no joking about their belief.拿他们的信仰来开玩笑是不行的。
It’s worthwhile taking the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.
给新雇员详细解释一下工作要求，费点事也是值得的。
⑵动名词在句中作宾语：
①作介词的宾语
②只接动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy, finish, mind, miss, suggest, advise, appreciate, avoid, imagine, admit, consider, delay, practise, forbid, deny, allow, permit, require, risk, excuse, prevent, complete, resist(抵抗)
③只接动名词的短语动词：give up, feel like, be worth, be/become/get used to, lead to, look forward to, object to, stick to, be fond of, pay attention to, be engaged in, put off, keep on, prevent/ keep/ stop…from, set about, can’t stand, get through(完成)等。
④在可省略的介词in之后做宾语：
have difficulty/ trouble/ problem/ fun/ pleasure (in) doing sth.
have a good time/ a hard time (in) doing sth.
spend/waste time/ money (in) doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth.
There is no use/ no harm/ no hurry/ no point (in) doing sth.
There is no harm in staying up a little later.
⑶动名词的复合结构在句中的使用：
有时为了说明动名词的动作是由谁来执行的，通常用名词的所有格或形容词性的物主代词来做动名词的逻辑主语。在口语中，动名词复合结构的逻辑主语也可以用宾格或普通格来做。如：
Their coming to help us was a great encouragement.
The mother’s worry is her son’s going to bed too late.
Do you mind me opening the door?
但在以下几种情况通常用普通格来做逻辑主语：
①逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，如：Is there any hope of your team winning the game?
②逻辑主语是不定代词，指示代词时，如：
Last night he was waked by someone knocking at the door.
③逻辑主语是两个或两个以上的单位时：
I still remember you and your father coming to see me many years ago.
三、分词：
1、分词在句中的作用：表语、定语、状语、补语。
2、分词在句中作表语
现在分词在句中作表语，表示主语的性质与特征，它相当于一个形容词的作用。过去分词在句中作表语，表示主语所处的状态或已完成动作的状态。
e.g. The film is interesting / moving.
He is well educated.
75% of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
使役动词所转变而成的形容词也常被认为是分词作表语。现在分词形式表某人或某物给别人的感觉;过去分词形式表说话者的主观感受。这些使役动词常有：interest, surprise, frighten, excite, astonish, bore, tire, annoy, encourage, discourage, satisfy, disappoint, inspire, move, please, confuse, amuse, shock, worry, puzzle等。
3、分词在句中作定语：
⑴动词的现在分词在句中作前置定语，都表示动作的进行及主动，现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于一个主动的定语从句。如：
a sleeping boy / the changing world / the rising sun
The teacher talking with the students will give us a report.
Most of the assistants working in this shop are young people.
注意：有时单个的现在分词也作后置定语，强调动作正在进行。
a cleaning woman (一位女清洁工)
a woman cleaning (一位正在打扫的妇女)
a dancing girl一位舞女(永久性)
a girl dancing一位正在跳舞的女孩(暂时性)
⑵不及物动词的过去分词作前置定语，表示动作的完成;及物动词的过去分词作前置定语，既表动作完成，又表被动。如：
vi. a returned soldier/ retired teachers/ the risen sun/ a sunken ship
vt. the murdered man/ a finished article/ the stolen bike.
但只有及物动词的过去分词能在句中作后置定语，相当于一个被动的定语从句。
He is the man loved by all.
Your letter dated March 10 has been received.
注意：现在分词的完成式和完成被动式不在句中作定语。
4、分词在句中作宾补：
⑴现在分词通常在句中做以下动词的宾补，表主动及动作的正在进行或持续。如：see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel, find, want, catch, smell及这些有“使……”的词，send, leave, set, get, keep, have等。
e.g. I could smell trouble / danger coming./ His words set me thinking.
He left me lying there alone. / The earthquake sent the glass flying everywhere.
I don’t want people coming in and out all day. ( want一般用于否定句中)
⑵过去分词通常在句中做以下动词的宾补，表被动。如：see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, look at, notice, feel, find, make, have, want, leave, get, wish等。
e.g. I want that letter typed by tomorrow.
I must get the work finished before Sunday.
Who left the door unlocked?
注意：现在分词的完成式和完成被动式及being done结构不在句中作宾补。
5、分词在句中作状语：
⑴分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语保持一致。如果不一致时，就必须分词加上自己的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立主格结构。如：
The weather being fine, we decided to go for an outing.
`Winter coming, the mountain is covered by snow.
There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.
The telephone number given, we called him at once.
Everything considered, the plan is practical.
⑵现在分词在句中作状语，表主动;过去分词表被动。being done结构通常不在句中作状语。
⑶现在分词的完成式在句中作状语时，既表主动，又表先于主句谓语动作发生的动作或已完成动作;现在分词的完成被动式作状语，既表被动，又表先于主句谓语动作发生的动作。
⑷否定词not要加于分词之前。
e.g.. Having a written examination, I am forced to study hard.
The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
Seen from a spaceship, the earth looks just like a big blue water ball.
Not having seen her for years, we could hardly recognize her.
Having been hit by the big boy on the nose, the little boy began to cry.
⑸分词的独立形式，即分词作状语，没有逻辑主语，而是修饰整个句子。如：generally/ frankly/strictly/ honestly speaking, judging from/by, compared to/with.
e.g. Generally speaking, he is fit for the position.
Judging from his accent, he is from the south.
Compared with other companies, our staff turnover(人员流动率) is low.
四、不定式、动名词和分词用法的比较：
1、不定式与动名词作主语的区别：
⑴不定式作主语常表示一次性具体行为，动名词通常表示习惯性、经常性的动作。
⑵主语用不定式，表语用不定式;主语用动名词，表语用动名词。
e.g. To do this work is very difficult./ Teaching English is my job.
To see is to believe. / Seeing is believing.(这两个句子的主表位置不能交换)
2、不定式与动名词作宾语的区别：
⑴ like/ love/ continue/ begin/ start后接to do和doing的区别不大，但在以下几种情况时多用不定式(to do ).
① would like / would love + to do sth.
② start/ begin的主语为it或物质名词时，用不定式。
e.g. It began to rain./ The ice began to melt.
③ start/ begin本身为进行时,用不定式。
e.g.. I’m beginning to talk about it.
④当start/ begin后接某些表感觉或心理活动的动词时，用不定式。如：understand, see, realize, feel, find, know，believe等。
e.g. I began to understand the meaning which begins to be clear.
⑵有一些动词接to do与doing有明显的区别。
to do要去做的事
forget/ remember忘记/记住
doing已做了的事
to do遗憾未做的事to do设法去做，努力地去做
regret try
doing后悔做了的事doing试着做
to do打算去做to do学会做(已会做)
mean learn
doing工意味着doing学习做(不一定会)
to do继续做另一件事to do不能帮助去做
go on can’t help
doing继续做同一件事doing禁不住，忍不住做
to do sth.害怕而不敢做
be afraid
of doing sth.担心……，害怕做……
to do停下来做另一事to do离开去做另一件事
stop leave off
doing停止正在做的事doing停止正在做的事
to do
need/want/ deserve需要/值得去做
require/ be worth +doing (主动表被动)
3、不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别：
⑴不定式与动名词在句中作表语的异同。
不定式与动名词作表语都是为了说明主语的内容。它们作表语时，都能与主语换位，其逻辑意义不变。但不定式侧重表示具体的动作或表未发生的动作，动名词则表习惯性、经常性动作。回答what的提问。
e.g. Our plan is to train the students’ speaking ability.
His wish is to become a famous teacher.
Its full-time job is laying eggs.
⑵现在分词作表语表主语的性质、特征。回答how的问题;过去分词表状态或已完成动作的状态。
e.g. The problem is puzzling./ The joke is amusing.
The sun is set in the west./ Her necklace was gone.
4、不定式、动名词和分词作定语的区别：
⑴动词不定式常常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语，其逻辑主语往往是句子的主语，故动词不定式作定语时往往用主动式;如果动词不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，该动词不定式要用被动式。动词不定式作定语往往表示尚未发生的动作。如果动作已发生或正在发生，一般用现在分词作后置定语。如果是动作已经完成且又与名词是被动关系时，就用过去分词作后置定语。动名词不作后置定语。例如：
e.g. Do you have anything to do tonight?你今晚有什么事要做吗?
I am going to Shanghai tomorrow. Do you have anything to be taken there?明天我要去上海。你有什么东西要捎去的吗?
I have no pen to write with.我没有钢笔写字。
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.
Have you read any short stories written by Luxun?
The professor being talked will come here tomorrow.
⑵动名词与现在分词作前置定语的区别：
动名词作定语表示它所修饰名词的目的、用途、性能或作用，二者无逻辑上的主谓关系，但可以变成for引导的介词短语;而现在分词作定语表示它所修饰名词的动作或状态，二者是逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping
a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
a dancing girl = a girl who is dancing
a dancing hall = a hall for dancing
⑶既能用不定式又能用of +动名词来修饰的名词：
of + doing
way/pleasure/chance/power
to do
e.g I have no chance of speaking to him/ to speak to him.
5、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作正在进行或持续也可使动作具有描写色彩。过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是被动的关系。不定式作宾补：表一个已完成的动作的全过程或一次性动作也可表事实。
e.g: I saw him open the window. /I saw him opening the window. / I saw the window opened.
I heard the song sung in English. / I heard her sing the song in English.
We saw the sun rise./ We saw the sun rising behind the trees.
6、不定式与现在分词作状语的区别：
⑴作原因状语的区别：
不定式作原因状语，常放在某些表示人的感情的动词或形容词之后，不能置于句首，也不能换成原因状语从句。不定式所表示的动作一般发生在谓语动作之前。现在分词作原因相当于一个原因状语从句，常置于句首，常用表状态的动词，偶尔也表动作的动词。如：
e.g. We laughed to see the new book.
We are proud to be young people of New China.
She look happy to hear the good news.
Being ill, he was unable to go to school.
Not knowing her address, we couldn′t find her.
Having seen the film before, I didn′t go to see it last week.
⑵作结果状语的区别：
不定式作结果状语，表意想不到的结果，现在分词作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。
e.g. He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.
He arrived at the station to be told the train had gone.
Tom fell from a tree, breaking his arm.
They open the fire , killing one of our villages.
⑶不定式在句中作状语，通常表目的、结果或原因;分词作状语可表时间、条件、伴随、让步、方式、结果、原因等。
五、动名词、现在分词和进行时的区别：
这三种在形式上完全相同，都是be+ving的结构，但在意义上是完全不同的。动名词作表语都是为了说明主语的内容，能与主语换位，其逻辑意义不变。现在分词作表语表主语的性质、特征。而进行时态，则是强调主语的动作，且不能与主语换位。如：
e.g. His purpose is serving the people.= Serving the people is his purpose.
He is serving the people.
“The Internationale”(国际歌) is inspiring.
“The Internationale” is inspiring the workers of the whole world.
六、过去分词与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态或完成某动作的状态。而被动语态表示主语所承受的动作。
e.g.. The window was broken by his brother. (被动语态)
The window was broken. (系表关系)
He is well educated. (系表关系)
He has been educated in this college for three years. (被动语态)
【非谓语动词短语】相关文章：
非谓语动词短语有哪些12-09
非谓语动词的翻译03-10
非谓语动词短语做状语的考点分析题12-09
高考英语非谓语动词的知识点12-09
动词短语和短语动词12-09
高考英语二轮复习知识点：非谓语动词12-09
动词短语和短语动词的区别12-09
高考英语二轮复习专题非谓语动词高考押题12-01