美国名人榜5：亚历山大•汉密尔顿
亚历山大·汉密尔顿(
Alexander
Hamilton
,1757年1月11日 - 1804年7月12日)是美国的开国元勋之一,宪法的起草人之一,财经专家,是美国的第一任财政部长。因政党恶斗而丧失生命的知名政治人物。
亚历山大·汉密尔顿从一个来自英属西印度群岛的私生子和无家可归的孤儿,一跃成为乔治·华盛顿最信任的左膀右臂,但后来卷入一桩性丑闻,在与副总统阿伦·伯尔的决斗中命丧黄泉。在美国的开国元勋中,没有哪位的生与死比亚历山大·汉密尔顿更富戏剧色彩了。在为美国后来的财富和势力奠定基础方面,也没有哪位开国老臣的功劳比得上汉密尔顿。虽然他也身为美国建国之父之一,却始终没能象别的人那样做上美国总统,而且在与其主要政治对手托马斯·杰斐逊(
Thomas
Jefferson
)的竞争中更似乎是输得惨不忍睹,可孰料——历史的戏剧性就在于此——在其过世之后,他的政治遗产,包括“工业建国之路”和建立一个强有力的中央政府等等,却在此后的美国历史中起着越来越显著的作用。甚至一些影响了美国历史进程的总统,如林肯和西奥多·罗斯福(
Theodore
Roosevelt
),他们所施行的政策就是建立在汉密尔顿的遗产基础上的。
Alexander
Hamilton
(
January
11, 1755
or
1757 –
July
12, 1804)
was
the
first
United
States
Secretary
of
the
Treasury
,
a
Founding
Father
,
economist
,
and
political
philosopher
.
Aide-de-camp
to
General
George
Washington
during
the
American
Revolutionary
War
,
he
was
a
leader
of
nationalist
forces
calling
for
a
new
Constitution
;
he
was
one
of
America
'
s
first
Constitutional
lawyers
,
and
wrote
most
of
the
Federalist
Papers
,
a
primary
source
for
Constitutional
interpretation
.
He
was
the
financial
expert
of
Washington
'
s
administration
;
the
Federalist
Party
formed
to
support
his
policies
.
Born
and
raised
in
the
Caribbean
,
Hamilton
attended
King
'
s
College
(
now
Columbia
University
)
in
New
York
.
At
the
start
of
the
American
Revolutionary
War
,
he
organized
an
artillery
company
and
was
chosen
as
its
captain
.
Hamilton
became
the
senioraide-de-camp
and
confidant
to
General
George
Washington
,
the
American
commander-in-chief
.
After
the
war
,
Hamilton
was
elected
to
the
Continental
Congress
from
New
York
,
but
he
resigned
to
practice
law
and
found
the
Bank
of
New
York
.
He
served
in
the
New
York
Legislature
,
and
he
was
the
only
New
Yorker
who
signed
the
U
.
S
.
Constitution
.
He
wrote
about
half
the
Federalist
Papers
,
which
secured
its
ratification
by
New
York
;
they
are
still
the
most
important
unofficial
interpretation
of
the
Constitution
.
In
the
new
government
under
President
Washington
he
became
Secretary
of
the
Treasury
.
An
admirer
of
British
political
systems
,
Hamilton
was
a
nationalist
who
emphasized
strong
central
government
and
successfully
argued
that
the
implied
powers
of
the
Constitution
could
be
used
to
fund
the
national
debt
,
assume
state
debts
,
and
create
the
government-owned
Bank
of
the
United
States
.
These
programs
were
funded
primarily
by
a
ariff
on
imports
and
a
highly
controversial
whiskey
tax
.
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