2017年大学英语四级翻译习题及参考答案
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2017年大学英语四级翻译习题及参考答案1
家中度假(staycation)是指一个人或一家人待在家里休息,或者在离家不远的景点游览的一段时光。人们在家中度假的原因很多,如家庭预算紧张、出游成本不断攀升,或者孩子太小。对于大多数中国人来说。节假日期间景区人山人海,高速公路、城市道路拥堵(congestion),是促使他们家中度假的两大主要原因。常见的家中度假活动包括在家里招待朋友、游览当地的公园和博物馆,或参与当地一些节日活动等。家中度假也可以丰富多彩,它将成为一种新的度假趋势。
参考翻译:
A staycation refers to a period in which an individualor a family stays at home for relaxing or takes tripsto nearby tourist attractions.There are variousreasons for people to take a staycation,like tightfamily budgets,rising travel costs or having veryyoung kids.For the majority of Chinese people,overcrowded tourist sites,congestion onexpressways and city roads during holidays are the two major factors contributing to theirstaycations.Common activities of a staycation include entertaining friends at home,visitinglocal parks and museums,and attending local festival colebfations.A staycation can be rich andcolorful,and it will become a now trend for vacation.
1.第一句话中的'主干结构为“家中度假是指...一段时光”,因为定语过长,可将定语处理成which引导的定语从句。
2. “如家庭预算紧张、出游成本不断攀升,或者孩子太小”具体列举人们在家中度假的原因,翻译“紧张”、“攀升"和“太小”时可采用“形容词+名词”的结构,即like tight familybudgets, rising travel costs or having very youngkids,比较符合英文表达习惯。
3.在“节假日期间景区人山人海,高速公路、城市道路拥堵,是促使他们家中度假的两大主要原因”一句中,“景区人山人海”和“高速公路、城市道路拥堵”都是主谓短语,可理解成“人山人海的景区”和“拥堵的高速公路、 城市道路”分别译作overcrowded tourist sites和congestion on expressways and city roads,符合英文中多用名词表达的语言特点。
4.最后一句由两个分句组成,可译为两个并列句,用连接间and连接。
2017年大学英语四级翻译习题及参考答案2
长城被称为中国的奇迹,拥有两千多年的历史。从空中俯瞰,它像一条长龙,从西向东蜿蜒前行,总长约6700公里。从春秋战国时期(the Spring and Autumn Period andWarring States Period)起,各诸侯国开始修建城墙以保护边境。秦朝建立以后,秦始皇把这些城墙连接起来,成为长城。然而,当时的长城大都已经在战争中损毁,而现存的长城主要是明朝时修建的。长城最初是为了抵抗来自北方的侵略,如今已成为旅游胜地,吸引了来自世界各地的游客。有句谚语:“不到长城非好汉”,足以见证长城的雄伟壮观(grandeur)。
参考翻译:
The Great Wall,with a history of more than 2,000years,was regarded as a wonder of China.From abird’s-eye view,it is just like a dragon winding itselffrom west to east,stretching for approximately6,700 kilometers.Since the Spring and AutumnPeriod and the Warring States Period,the walls had been put up to defend the borders by thekingdoms.After the founding of Qin Dynasty,Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined together tomake "The Great Wall".While most of the walls were ruined in wars,the majority of the GreatWall we see today was mainly built during Ming Dynasty.The Great Wall,originally built to resistthe invasion from the North,now has become a well-known place of interest,attracting touristsfrom all over the world.As a saying goes,"He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a trueman",which is evidence of its grandeur.
1.第二句中的“从西向东蜿蜓前行,总长约6700公里”,描述的主语都是“它”—长城,故用现在分词短语winding...stretching...作状语,对长城做进一步说明;“总长”可在stretch for后面直接用数字表示。
2.第三句中的“各诸侯国开始修建城墙以保护边境”可译为主动态the kingdoms had built the walls to defend theirborders,也可用the walls作主语,使用被动态来表达。
3.例数第二句中的`“长城成为旅游胜地”可翻译为英文句的主干,“吸引了来自各界各地的游客”,用现在分词短语attracting...表伴随状况“最初是为了…”处理为过去分词originally built to...作目的状语。
4.最后一句话中,“有句谚语”可使用as a saying goes这一句型;“足以见…”是对谚语的补充说明,可使用which引导的非限制性定语从句。
2017年大学英语四级翻译习题及参考答案3
中国以其人口密集、疆域辽阔而著称。作为一个多民族国家,中国共有56个民族,总人口约14亿人。汉族是中华民族的主体民族,约占全国人口的92%,主要分布在东部和中部。而其他少数民族居住相对分散,主要分布在中国的西南、西北和东北部地区。每个少数民族都有与众不同的特点、悠久的传统文化和独特的'风俗习惯。中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系,强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣。
参考翻译:
China is noted for its dense population and vast territory.As a multinational country, China is home to 56 ethnic groups with a total population of about 1.4 billion.The Han Nationality is the majority,accounting for 92% of the total population, which distributes mainly in the east and middle of China;while the ethnic minorities dwell extensively all over China,distributing mainly in the southwest,the northwest and the northeast.Each of the minority ethnic groups has a distinctive character,long traditional culture and unique conventions.Chinese government has long been advocating and developing an equal and united ethnic relationship, highlighting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups.
1.第二句的主干结构是“中国共有56个民族”,可理解成“中国是56个民族的家”,因此“有”译为is home to,充分表达了中国是一个大家庭的意思。“总人口约14亿人”用介词短语with a total population of about 1.4 billion表达,句子更加简洁精炼。
2.第三句“汉族是…东部和中部”可把“汉族是中华民族的主体民族”作为主句;“约占全国人口的92%”使用现在分词短语作状语,即accounting for 92% of the total population;“主要分布在东部和中部”则使which引导的非限制性定语从句来表达。
3.第四句“而其他少数民族居住…,同样讲民族的分布,可用连词while与上一句连接,中间用分号隔开,从而使汉族与少数民族的分布形成对比。这里的“主要分布在…”可使用现在分词短语作状语,译为distributing mainly in...。
4.翻译最后一句时可把“中国政府长久以来一直提倡和发展平等、团结的民族关系”作为句子主干,谓语动词“一直提倡和发展”可使用现在完成进行时态,说明政策的延续性。“强调各民族共同发展、共同繁荣”则使用现在分词短语作状语highlighting...,对主句作进一步补充说明。
2017年大学英语四级翻译习题及参考答案4
北京大学于1898年成立,原名为京师大学堂(the ImperialUniversity of Peking)。该大学的成立标志着中国近代史上高等教育的开始。在中国近代史上,它是进步思想的中心,对中国新文化运动、五四运动及其他重要事件的发生颇有影响。今天,国内不少高校排行榜将北京大学放入国内顶尖大学之列。该校重视教学和科学研究。为提高本科生教育和研究生教育质量、保持其领先研究机构的.地位,学校已做出很大努力。此外,学校尤以其校园环境及优美的中国传统建筑而闻名。
参考翻译:
Originally known as the Imperial University ofPeking,Peking University was established in1898.The establishment of the University markedthe beginning of higher education in China’s modernhistory.In modern history of China,it was a center forprogressive thought and was influential in the birth of China’s New Culture Movement,theMay Fourth Movement and many other significant events.Today, Peking University was placedby many domestic university rankings amongst the top universities in China.The universitylays emphasis on both teaching,and scientific research.It has made great efforts to improvethe undergraduate and graduate education,and maintain its role as a leading researchinstitution.In addition,the University is especially renowned for its campus environmentand the beauty of its traditional Chinese architecture.
1.表示某事物的成立,需用被动语态;“原名京师大学堂”即最初的名字,可译为and its original name was...;也可与前面句子共用主语Peking University,译为was originallyknown as...,但这两种处理方法都不如将其处理为过去分词短语originally known as...来得简洁地道。
2.注意第二句中“中国近代史”的译法,“近代史”通常译为modern history。“现代史”则译为contemporaryhistory。“标志着…的开始”可以套用mark the beginning of...句型表达。注意,不要一看到“标志”就翻译为symbolize,该词一般指“某事物的象征意义”,用于此不合适。
3.第三句中的“对…的发生颇有影响”的中心词是“有影响”(was influential),“对…的发生”表明产生影响的方面,用介词in。“发生”在此处强调的是状态,而不是动作,因此用in the birth of表达。
2017年大学英语四级翻译习题及参考答案5
中国菜(cuisine)是中国各地区、各民族各种菜肴的统称,也指发源于中国的烹饪方式。中国菜历史悠久, 流派(genre)众多,主要代表菜系有“八大菜系”。每一菜系因气候、地理、历史、烹饪技巧和生活方式的差异而风格各异。中国菜的调料(seasoning)丰富多样,调料的不同是形成地方特色菜的.主要原因之一。中国菜强调色、香、味俱佳,味是菜肴的灵魂。中国饮食文化博大精深,作为世界三大菜系之一的中国菜,在海内外享有盛誉。
参考翻译:
Chinese cuisine is a general term for the variousfoods from diverse regions and ethnic groups ofChina.It also refers to cooking styles originating fromChina.With a long history, Chinese cuisine has anumber of different genres,the main representativesof which are "Eight Cuisines".Every cuisine is distinctive from one another due to thedifferences in climate,geography, history,cooking techniques and lifestyle.Chinese cuisinecontains a rich variety of seasonings,which is one of main factors contributing to differentlocal special dishes.Chinese cuisine lays emphasis on the perfect combination ofcolor,flavor,and taste,and the soul of the dishes in taste.Chinese cuisine culture is extensiveand profound,and Chinese cuisine,one of the Three World Cuisines,enjoys a reputation homeand abroad.
1.第一句话的汉语由两个分句组成,句子较长,在译成英文时,可把它拆分成两句。“也指发源于中国的烹饪方式”可单独译成一句also refers to cooking styles originating fromChina,这样可以更好的体现两句的并列关系。
2.第二句话由三个分句组成。翻译时将“中国菜流派众多”译为主句,“历史悠久”用with a history of...来表达,“主要代表菜系有…”则用非限制性定语从句表示。这样可以使译文结构紧凑,句式多样。
3.第三句中的“风格各异”可以用be distinctive from表达,比用have different styles更地道。
4.在“中国菜强调色、香、味俱佳”中,“色、香、味俱佳”的英文翻译并没有逐字的对应,因而增译了combination,把汉语中暗含的意思完整地表达出来。
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