大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(19)

40. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of---.
A) growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
B) the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce
C) the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
D) full support from agriculture experts
注:因果关系词 because of
"This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States," says George Qerther of Texas A& M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired form the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
一、翻译标准:忠实、通顺
1.忠实指意义忠实于原文
2.通顺指符合中文表达习惯。
3.“信、达、雅”
二、评分情况(每题2分)
1.全句结构(句子当中各个成分位置顺序安排是否恰当合理)0.5分
2.除全句结构0.5分之外,剩下1.5分分布于句子当中三个重要给分点(通常为重要词组或者重要结构)
重要结构:定语从句、比较结构、虚拟语气、倒装结构、双重否定
例:Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such as attention and memory.
研究人员证实人们在动脑筋时,头脑里会产生生化变化,使头脑在注意力和记忆力这类认知领域中更加有效的活动。(全句结构0.5)
三、翻译过程
1.找到需翻译语句对应文中的位置
2.理解阶段
1)根据上下文关系
2)分析句子结构
3)表达阶段(注意中英文表达习惯的差异)
1)词序:即词与词或词与句子之间的位置顺序关系,中文习惯为修饰语前置。
例:The girl in red is my sister.
穿红衣服的女孩是我姐姐。
I like the watch which you bought me.
我喜欢你给我买的那块表。
We can keep fit by going in for exercise.
我们可以通过参加体育锻炼来保持健康。
2)句序:a.中文习惯为状语从句前置,英语中状语从句(如原因、条件从句)有时置于主句之后,而汉语一般将状语从句置于主语之前。
例:I would be most happy to go with you if I am not in the way.
如果不碍事的话我很高兴和你们一起去。
b.中文按照时间逻辑顺序安排句序,英文按照事情的重要性来安排句序。
例:It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had planned to pay to China in January.
我原计划1月份访问中国,后来必须推迟,对此我深表遗憾。
翻译技巧
1.增词法:目的在于使译文通顺而不是增加含义
1)增加动词
例:After the banquet and the concert, he would work on his report.
(参加)宴会和(出席)音乐会之后他会继续写报告。
2)增加名词
例:He cann't endure the tension of modern life.
他不能忍受现代生活的紧张(节奏)。
例:You are frank and honest with all your faults.
你对错误的(态度)坦诚。
2.转译法:
1)含有动词意味的名词转译为动词
例:It is evidence enough of the desire of all of us to solve the problem according to people's will as soon as possible(ASAP).
这充分证明了我们都希望按照人们的意愿尽快解决问题。
2)动词转译为名词
例:Formality has always characterized their relationship.
他们之间关系的特点是以礼相待。
例:Most satellites are designed to burned up themselves after completing mission.
按照设计大部分卫星在完成任务后自行燃烧。
3)形容词副词之间相互转译
例:We took several brief and restless naps.
我们简短不安地睡了几次。