大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案
在学习、工作中，许多人都需要跟试卷打交道，试卷是课程考核统计分析工作的重要组成部分，它包括试卷的信度、效度、区分度、难度四个方面。一份好的试卷都具备什么特点呢？以下是小编整理的大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案，希望能够帮助到大家。
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案 1
Part I Writing(30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
Choosing an Occupation
1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。
2. 需要花时间去选择职业。
3. 选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage.
For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Will We Run Out of Water?
Picture a "ghost ship" sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.
Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, its all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.
Similar large scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the next century.
"Growing populations will worsen problems with water," says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one?third of the worlds projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.
Where Water Goes
Only 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two?thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps. In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).
Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live. In fact, the worlds population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater-about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. "If water demand continues to climb rapidly," says Postel, "there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment."
Close to Home
Water woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground).Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.
Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.
The Source
Where so contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases.
In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)
But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; All of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.
Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but insects but that pollutes water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen?rich fertilizer that helps plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates "over enrich" these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.
Whats the Solution?
Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water?related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small?scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea.
"More than 1 billion people worldwide dont have access to basic clean drinking water," says Gleick. "There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone?governments and ordinary people-to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life."
1. That the huge water projects have diverted the rivers causes the Aral Sea to shrink.
2. The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects does more good than harm.
3. The chief causes of water shortage are population growth and water pollution.
4. The problems Americans face concerning water are ground water shrinkage and tap water pollution.
5. According to the passage all water pollutants come from household waste.
6. The people living in the United States will not be faced with water shortages.
7. Water expert Gleick has come up with the best solution to water?related problems.
1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]
5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]
8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the worlds people will suffer from water shortages.
9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.
10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. 47 in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the heart of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many 48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered 49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to 50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking places were 51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car driving customers needed. And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 52 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. 53 by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54 areas to outlying malls. And the growing 55 of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.
[A]designed
[B]take
[C]Early
[D]Attracted
[E] though
[F]convenience
[G]services
[H]fame
[I]various
[J] popularity
[K]cosmetics
[L]started
[M]downtown
[N]available
[O]cheapness
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.
The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture?one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonalds. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.
The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness.
Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.
57. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
[A]All international managers can learn culture.
[B]Business diversity is not necessary.
[C]Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.
[D]Most people do not know foreign culture well.
58. According to the author, the model of Pepsi.
[A]is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world around.
[B]is different from the model of McDonalds
[C]shows the reverse of globalization
[D]has converged cultural differences
59. The two schools of thought.
[A]both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures
[B]both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries
[C]admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world
[D]Both A and B
60. This article is supposed to be most useful for those.
[A]who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity
[B]who have connections to more than one type of culture
[C]who want to travel abroad
[D]who want to run business on International Scale
61. According to Fortune, successful international companies.
[A]earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas
[B]all have the quality of patience
[C]will follow the overseas local cultures
[D]adopt the policy of internationalization Part I Writing
【写作思路】
本文是一篇关于择业的议论文。说明慎重择业相当重要,并提出多种指导择业的方法。
【参考范文】
Choosing an Occupation
One of the most important problems a young person faces is deciding what to do. There are some people, of course, who from the time they are six years old "know" that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem.
Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or you may find out that you will need to get actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job.
Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to give you detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1.【解析】[Y]该句的意思是巨大的河流改道水利工程使得咸海缩小。从第二段的中间两句话可得出结论。Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land.与原文意思相同。
2.【解析】[N]该句句意为:巨坝和灌溉工程的建设好处多于坏处。解题依据为本文第三段第二句话But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. (虽然产生更多问题,许多国家仍继续建巨坝和灌溉工程。)由此可知,坏处多于好处,所以该题与原文之义不合。
3.【解析】[Y]该句句意为:缺水的主要原因是人口增长和水污染。本题解题依据可定位到本文第四段第一句话 Growing populations will worsen problems with water… 及第十一段第一句话But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. 两者都是水资源缺乏的原因,与原文之义相符。
4.【解析】[Y]该句句意为:美国人面临的有关水的问题为地下水的减少和污染。本题解题依据为第七段第二句话和第八段第三句话,这两句话加在一起即为美国人所面临的水资源方面的问题,与原文之义相符。
5.【解析】[N]该句句意为:根据这篇文章,所有水的污染都来自于家庭废弃物。本题解题依据为第十一段最后一句话…70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste (百分之七十的污染物源于家庭废弃物),据此,本题之意与原文之义不合。
6.【解析】[N]该句句意为:美国人将不会面临缺水问题。该题解题依据为文章第七段第二句话 But Americans could face serious water shortages, too, especially in areas that rely on groundwater, 显然本题之意与原文之义不合。
7.【解析】[NG]该句句意为:水利专家Gleick 提供了与水相关的最佳解决方案。根据本文第十三段第一句话所述,专家Gleick 并未提供任何最佳解决方案。
8.【解析】one?third 解题依据为第四段最后一句话:He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one?third of the worlds projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.
9.【解析】glaciers and ice caps 解题依据为第五段第二句话:Two?thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.
10.【解析】water pollution 解题依据为第十段第二句话:Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes.
Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)
Section A
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了美国城镇人们购物方式的变化。
47.【解析】[C]20世纪早期,大多数美国城市和城镇都有一条主街道。20世纪早期即用early in the 1900s。
48.【解析】[I]这条街道排成一列,街道两边都是各式各样的商店。Various 意为"不同的、各种各样的"
49.【解析】[G]另外,一些商店还提供服务。提供服务可用固定的搭配 offer services。
50.【解析】[B]所填词take 才能与后面的词place搭配,take place 为固定词组,意为"发生"But in the 1950s, a change began to take place 意为20世纪50年代发生了巨大的变化。
51.【解析】[N]主街道充斥着太多的汽车,却没有地方给顾客停车。Available 意为"可用到的、可利用的",这里指没有可用的地方给顾客停车。
52.【解析】[L]Shopping centers, or rather malls, started as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. 购物中心或者购物商场开始在拥挤的城市中心之外建小型的新商场。开始即用start。
53.【解析】[D]顾客们被许多免费的停车场所吸引,attracted 是被吸引之意。
54.【解析】[M]customers were drawn away from downtown areas to outlying malls.顾客们被从市区吸引到郊区的购物商场。市区即用downtown 一词。
55.【解析】[J]购物中心越来越流行,popularity即普及、流行之意。
56.【解析】[F]购物中心除了提供停车的便利之外,还提供其他服务。提供便利即用 provide convenience。 Section B
Passage One
【短文大意】本文主要讲述文化背景对商业运作的影响,文中列举了商界中存在的对于文化多样性的两种观点。
57.【解析】[C]推断题。意为"对在商业中怎样对待文化有着不同意见"。 文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中,应该怎样对待不同的文化,商业界存在着不同的看法。
58.【解析】[A]细节题。意为"……与同意世界商业一体化的派别的主张是一致的"。 Pepsi采纳的是国际化的商业风格,这与那些主张国际化的派别的意见是相一致的。
59.【解析】[C]推断题。意为"承认商业世界中文化的多元性"。两个派别都承认商业世界中文化的`多元性。他们的不同在于,应该对待不同的文化,应该搞国际化还是对不同的文化采取不同的策略。
60.【解析】[D]主旨题。由文中的例子可以知道,作者主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态,而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。所以D是正确答案。
61.【解析】[B]细节题。意为"都具有耐心这一素质"。并非所有成功的国际公司的海外收入都占总收入的20%或以上。它们也不一定全都接纳海外的当地文化,或是采纳国际化策略。
Passage Two
【短文大意】本文主要讲述垒球的特征及欣赏。
大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案 2
大学英语四级考试试卷
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Example:You will hear:
You will read:
A) At the office. B) In the waiting room.
C) At the airport. D) In a restaurant.
From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) “At the office” is the best answer. You should choose on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1.A)Get some change from Jane. B)Go to look for a payphone.
C)Use the womans phone. D)Pay for the phone call.
2.A)At an art gallery. B)In a department store.
C)At a bookstore. D)In a workshop.
3.A)She will help the man to catch up. B)She is worried about the mans health.
C)She has bought the man an uptodate map. D)Shes bought the man a pair of glasses today.
4.A)He is going to give a talk on fishing. B)He is eager to meet Susans parents.
C)He has the same hobby as Susans father. D)He thinks fishing is a good way to kill time.
5.A)He finds the presentation hard to follow. B)He speaks highly of the presentation.
C)He considers the presentation very dull. D)He thinks Professor White has chosen an interesting topic.
6.A)A bookshelf. B)A typewriter.C)Some stocks. D)High quality paper.
7.A)They set off early. B)They wait for a fine day.
C)They go sightseeing. D)They go to the seaside.
8.A)He liked to show off in class. B)He was the first person she met at school.
C)He had a funny face. D)He was late for school on the first day.
9.A)Her car can stand any crash. B)Her car is kept in good condition.
C)Her car is not as good as his. D)Her car is maintained as well as his.
10.A)She is too busy to go. B)Shes willing to go swimming.
C)She doesnt want to wait long. D)She enjoys the wonderful weather.
Section B
Directions:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11.A)He was a tax collector. B)He was a government official.
C)He was once a friend of the ruler. D)He was once a shcool teacher in India.
12.A)To reward outstanding tax collectors. B)To declare new ways of collecting tax.
C)To collect money from the persons invited. D)To entertain those who had made great contributions to the government.
13.A)They were excused from paying income tax.
B)They were given some silver and gold coins by the ruler.
C)They tried to collect more money than the ruler asked for.
D)They enjoyed being invited to dinner at the rulers palace.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14.A)They liked travelling. B)The reasons are unknown.
C)They were driven out of their homes. D)They wanted to find a better place to live in.
15.A)They are unfriendly to Gypsies. B)They admire the musical talent of the Gypsies.
C)They are envious of Gypsies. D)They try to put up with Gypsies.
16.A)They are now taught in their own language. B)They are now allowed to attend local schools.
C)Special schools have been set up for them. D)Permanent homes have been built for them.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17.A)The causes are familiar. B)The causes are not well understood.
C)The causes are obvious. D)The causes are very complicated.
18.A)Improved highway design. B)Better public transportation.
C)Regular driver training. D)Stricter traffic regulations.
19.A)Highway crime. B)Drivers errors. C)Poor traffic control. D)Confusing road signs.
20.A)Increasing peoples awareness of traffic problems. B)Enhancing drivers sense of responsibility.
C)Building more highways. D)Designing better cars.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Dogs are social animals and without proper training, they will behave like wild animals. They will spboil your house, destroy your belongings, bark excessively,fight other dogs and even bite you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that occur at the wrong time or place or are directed at the wrong thing. The key to preventing or treating behavior problems us learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting.
One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is to obedience train (驯服) it. Obedience training doesnt solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem.Training opens up a line of communication between you and your dog. Effective communication is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do.
Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dog o
beys a simple request of come here, sit," it is showing obedience and respect for you. It is not necessary to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack (群) by using extreme measures. You can teach your dog its subordinate (从属的)role by teaching it to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you to pleasantly accept that you are in charge.
Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog.It can enrich your relationship and make living together more enjoyable. A well |trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.
21. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _______.
A) be just part of their nature B) worsen in modern society
C) occure when they go wild D) present a threat to the community
22. The primary purpose of obedience training is to _______.
A) teach the dog to perform clever tricks
B) make the dog aware fo its owners authority
C) provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior
D) enable the dog to regain its normal behavior
23. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _______.
A) essential to solving the dogs behavior problems
B) the foundation for dogs to perform tasks
C) a good way to teach the dog new tricks
D) an extreme measure in obedience training
24. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters?
A) To avoid being punished. B) To show their affection for their masters.
C) To win leadership of the dog pack. D) To show their willingness to obey.
25. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _______.
A) can give the dog more rewards B) will enjoy a better family life
C) can give the dog more freedom D) will have more confidence in himself
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality
, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In highschool I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department,famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But thats not what I did.
I chose to study engineering at a small liberal |arts(文科) university that doesnt even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who werent studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.
I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineerng "factories" where they didnt care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist(人文学者) all in one.
Now Im not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile (协调) engineering with liberal |arts courses in college.
The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is
that engineering and the liberal arts simply dont mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.
26. The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because
he _______.
A) wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality
B) intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist
C) wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college
D) intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals
27. According to the author, by interacting with people who study liberal arts,engineering students can _______.
A) balance engineering and the liberal arts
B) receive guidance in their careers
C) become noble idealists
D) broaden their horizons
28. In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected _______.
A) to have an excellent academic record
B) to be wise and mature
C) to be imaginative with a value system to guide him
D) to be a technical genius with a wide vision
29. The authors experience shows that he was _______.
A) creative B) ambitious C) unrealistic D) irrational
30. The word "they" in "... together they threaten to confuse." (Line 3, Para. 5)
refers to _______.
A) engineering and the liberal arts B) reality and noble ideals
C) flexibility and a value system D) practicality and rationality
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Priscilla Ouchidas "energy |efficient" house turned out to be a horrible dream. When she and her engineer husband married a few years ago, they built a $100,000, three -bedroom home in California. Tightly sealed to prevent air leaks,the house was equipped with small double |paned(双层玻璃的) windows and several other energy |saving features. Problems began as soon as the couple moved in, however. Priscillas eyes burned. Her throat was constantly dry. She suffered from headaches and could hardly sleep. It was as though she had suddenly developed a strange illness.
Experts finally traced the cause of her illness. The leyel of of formaldehyde(甲醛) gas in her kitchen was twice the maximum allowed by federal standards for chemical workers. The source of the gas? Her new kitchen cabinets and wall |to |wall carpeting.
The Ouchidas are victims of indoor air pollution, which is not given sufficient attention partly because of the nations drive to save energy. The problem itself isnt new. "The indoor environment was dirty long before energy conservation came along," says Moschandreas, a pollution scientist at Geomet Technologies in Maryland. "Energy conservation has tended to accentuate the situation in some cases."
The problem appears to be more troublesome in newly constructed homes rather than old ones. Back in the days when energy was cheap, home builders didnt worry much about unsealed cracks. Because of such leaks, the air in an average home was replaced by fresh outdoor air about once an hour. As a result, the pollutants generated in most households seldom built up to dangerous levels.
31. It can be learned from the passage that the Ouchidas house_______.
A) is well worth the money spent on its construction
B) is almost faultless from the point of energy conservation
C) failed to meet energy conservation standards
D) was designed and constructed in a scientific way
32. What made the Ouchidas new house a horrible dream?
A) Lack of fresh air.
B) Poor quality of buildig materials.
C) Gas leakage in the kitchen.
D) The newly painted walls
33. The word "accentuate"(Line 4, Para. 3) most probably means "________".
A) relieve B) accelerate C) worsen D) improve
34. Why were cracks in old houses not a big concern?
A) Because indoor cleanness was not emphasized.
B) Because energy used to be inexpensive.
C) Because environmental protection was given top priority.
D) Because they were technically unavoidable.
35. This passage is most probably taken from an article entitled "________" .
A) Energy Conservation B) House Building Crisis
C) Air Pollution Indoors D) Traps in Building Consruction
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
In 1993, New York State ordered stores to charge a deposit on beverage(饮料) containers. Within a year, consumers had returned millions of aluminum cans and glass and plastic bottles. Plenty of companies were eager to accept the aluminum and glass as raw materials for new products, but because few could figure out what to do with the plastic, much of it wound up buried in landfills (垃圾填埋场). The problem was not limited to New York. Unfortunately, there were too few uses for second |hand plastic.
Today, one out of five plastic soda bottles is recycled (回收利用) in the United States. The reason for the change is that now there are dozens of companies across the country buying discarded plastic soda bottles and turning them into fence posts, paint brushes, etc.
As the New York experience shows, recycling involves more than simply separating
valuable materials from the rest of the rubbish. A discard remains a discard until somebody figures out how to give it a second life-and until economic arrangements exist to give that second life value. Without adequate markets to absorb materials collected for recycling, throwaways actually depress prices for used materials.
Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling. In many areas, the East Coast especially, recycling is already the least expensive waste |management option. For every ton of waste recycled, a city avoids paying for its disposal, which, in parts of New York, amounts to savings of more than $100 per ton. Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.
36. What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beyerage containers?
A) Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded
plastic soda bottles.
B) Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.
C) A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.
D) Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on
returning them.
37. The returned plastic bottles in New York used to _______.
A) end up somewhere underground
B) be turned into raw materials
C) have a second |life value
D) be separated from other rubbish
38. The key problem in dealing with returned plastic beverage containers is_______.
A) to sell them at a profitable price
B) how to turn them into useful things
C) how to reduce their recycling costs
D) to lower the prices for used materials
39. Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because _______.
A) local governments find it easy to manage
B) recycling has great appeal for the jobless
C) recycling causes little pollution
D) other methods are more expensive
40. It can be concluded from the passage that _______.
A) rubbish is a potential remedy for the shortage of raw materials
B) local governments in the U.S. can expect big profits from recycling
C) recycling is to be recommended both economically and environmentally
D) lanfills will still be widely used for waste disposal
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Anwer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. It is important that the hotel receptionist _______ that guests are registeredcorrectly.
A) has made sure B) made sure C) must make sure D) make sure
42. I suggested he should _______ himself to his new conditions.
A) adapt B) adopt C) regulate D) suit
43. Ill never forget _______ you for the first time.
A) to meet B) meeting C) to have met D) having to be meeting
44. Cancellation of the flight _______ many passengers to spend the night at theairport.
A) resulted B) obliged C) demanded D) recommended
45. That young man still denies _______ the fire behind the store.
A) start B) to start C) having started D) to have started
46. _______ in a recent science competition, the three students were awardedscholarships totaling $21,000.
A) Judged the best B) Judging the best
C) To be judged the best D) Having judged the best
47. Wihtout proper lessons, you could _______ a lot of bad habits when playing thepiano.
A) keep up B) pick up C) draw up D) catch up
48. Everything we eat and drink contains some salt; we can meet the bodys need for itfrom natural sources without turning _______ the salt bottle.
A) up B) to C) on D) over
49. He always did well at school _______having to do part-time jobs everynow and then.
A) in spite of B) regardless of C) on account of D) in case of
50. ______ receiving financial support from family, community or the government isallowed, it is never admired.
A) As B) Once C) Although D) Lest
51. All the key words in the article are printed in _______ type so as to attract readers attention.
A) dark B) dense C) black D) bold
52. The basic features of the communication process are identified in one question:Whosays _______ through what channel to whom?
A) how B) when C) what D) such
53. I didnt _______ to take a taxi but I had to as I was late.
A) assume B) suppose C) mean D) hope
54. The hours _______ the children spend in their one-way relationship with televisionpeople undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.
A) in which B) on which C) when D) that
55. Id rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than _______ a room withsomeone else.
A) share B) to share C) sharing D) to have shared
56. In Disneyland, every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced because Disney refusedto _______ signs asking his "guests" not to step on them.
A) put down B) put out C) put up D) put off
57. _______ difficulties we may come across, well help one another to overcome them.
A) Wherever B) Whatever C) However D) Whenever
58. So many directors _______, the board meeting had to be put off.
A) were absent B) been absent C) had been absent D) being absent
59. On New Years Eve,New York City holds an outdoor _______ which attracts a crowd ofa million or more people.
A) incident B) event C) case D) affair
60. American football and baseball are becoming known to the British public throughtelevised _______ from the United States.
A) transfer B) deliveries C) transportation D) transmissions
61. He will surely finish the job on time _______ hes left to do it in his own way.
A) in that B) so long as C) in case D) as far as
62. If this kind of fish becomes _______, future generations may never taste it at all.
A) minimum B) short C) seldom D) scarce
63. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _______ in broad daylight yesterday.
A) being robbed B) having been robbed
C) to have been robbed D) robbed
64. Agriculture was a step in human progress _______ which subsequently there was notanything comparable until our own machine age.
A) in B) for C) to D) from
65. The same factors push wages and prices up together, the one _______ the other.
A) emphasizing B) reinforcing C) multiplying D) increasing
66. No one had told Smith about _______ a lecture the following day.
A) there being B) there be C) there would be D) there was
67. Operations which left patients _____ and in need of long periods of recovery timenow leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.
A) exhausted B) abandoned C) injured D) deserted
68. I was halfway back to the cottage where my mother lived ______ Susan caught up with me.
A) when B) while C) until D) though
69. _______ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldnt go on with the experiment.
A) Since B) For C) As D) With
70. The bed has been _______ in the family.It was my great-grandmothers originally.
A) handed out B) handed over C) handed down D) handed round
Part Ⅳ Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) on the right side ofthe paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throught the centre.
For the past two years, I have been working on students evaluation of classroom teaching. I have kept a record of informal conversations 71 some 300 students from at 72 twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally 73 and direct in their comments 74 how course work could be better 75 . Most of their remarks were kindly 76 - with tolerance rather than bitterness-and frequently were softened by the 77 that the students were speaking 78 some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless, 79 the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel 80 with things-as-they-are in the classroom.
Professors should be 81 from reading lecture notes. "It makes their 82 monotonous (单调的)."
If they are going to read, why not 83 out copies of the lecture? Then we 84 need to go to class. Professors should 85 repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. " 86 weve read the material, we want to 87 it or hear it elaborated on, 88 repeated." "A lot of students hate to buy a 89 text that the professor has written 90 to have his lectures repeat it."
71. A) involving B) counting C) covering D) figuring
72. A) best B) least C) length D) large
73. A) reserved B) hard-working C) polite D) frank
74. A) over B) at C) on D) of
75. A) presented B) submitted C) described D) written
76. A) received B) addressed C) made D) taken
77. A) occasion B) truth C) case D) fact
78. A) on B) about C) at D) with
79. A) though B) as C) whether D) if
80. A) dissatisfied B) unsatisfactory C) satisfied D) satisfactory
81. A) interfered B) interrupted C) discouraged D) disturbed
82. A) voices B) sounds C) pronunciation D) gestures
83. A) hold B) leave C) drop D) give
84. A) couldnt B) wouldnt C) mustnt D) shouldnt
85. A) refuse B) prohibit C) prevent D) avoid
86. A) Once B) Until C) However D) Unless
87. A) remember B) argue C) discuss D) keep
88. A) yet B) not C) and D) or
89. A) desired B) revised C) required D) deserved
90. A) about B) how C) but D) only
Part Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: How to Succeed in a Job interview?You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
1 面试在求职过程中的作用
2 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是……
How to Succeed in a Job Interview?
2001年1月大学英语四级考试试卷 录音文字材料
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
Section A
1.M:Hi,Jane,do you have some changes?I have to make a call on the payphone.
W:Payphone?Why not use my mobilephone?Here you are.
Q:What will the man most probably do?
2.M:Can you tell me the title of this oil painting?
W:Sorry,I dont know for sure,but I guess it is an early 18 century work.Let me look it up in the catalog.
Q:Where does this conversation most probably take place?
3.M:I am worried about those classes I missed when I was sick.
W:I will try to bring you up today on what weve done.
Q:What does the woman mean?
4.W:Hey Dan.I hear youre meeting Susans parents for the first time.
M:Yeah,next weekend.Fortunately,her father loves to fish,so we will have so mething to talk about.
Q:What can be infered about Dan?
5.W:Professor Whites presentation seemed to go on forever.I was barely able to stay awake.
M:How could you sleep through it?It is one of the best that I have ever heard on this topic.
Q:What does the man think of Professor Whites presentation?
6.W:I am looking for quality paper to type my essay.I dont see any on the shelf.
M:I saw some in the stockroom this morning.I will go and check.
Q:What does the woman want to buy?
7.M:It seems that well have another fine day tomorrow.Lets go to the seaside.
W:O.K.But well have to leave very early,or else well get caught in the traffic.
Q:What does the woman suggest?
8.M:Do you know James?He is in your class.
W:Certainly.In fact he was the first person I got to know in my class.I still remember the look on his face when he showed up late on the first day of school.
Q:Why did the woman remember James so well?
9.W:The man at the garage thinks that I take good care of my car.
M:So do I. I cant see any scratches on the outside,and the inside is clean ,too.
Q:What does the man think of the womans car?
10.M:Wonderful day,isnt it? Want to join me for a swim?
W:If you dont mind waiting while I get prepared.
Q:What does the woman mean?
Section B
Passage One
A friend of mine told me that when he was a young man,he went to work as a teacher in one of the states of India.One day,he received an invitation to dinner at the rulers palace.Very pleased,he went to tell his colleagues.They laughed, and told him the meaning of the invitation.They had all been invited,and each person who was invited had to bring with him a certain number of silver and gold coins.The number of coins varied according to the persons position in the service of the government.My friends income was not high,so he did not have much to pay.Each person bowed before the ruler,his gold went onto one hip,his silver went onto another hip.And in this way he paid his income tax for the year.This was a simple way of collecting income tax.The tax on property was also collected simply.The ruler gave a man the power to collect a tax from each owner of land or property in a certain area,if this man promised to pay the ruler a certain amount of money.Of course,the tax collector managed to collect more money than he paid to the ruler.The difference between the sum of money he collected and the sum of money he gave to the ruler was his profit.
11.What do we know about the speakers friend?
12.What was the real purpose of the rulers invitation?
13.What does the passage say about the tax collectors?
Passage Two
Around the year 1000 A.D,some people from northwest India began to travel westward.Nobody knows why.After leaving their homes,they did not settle down again,but spent their lives moving from one place to another,their later generations are called the Romany people,or Gypsies.Therere Gypsies all over the world,and many of them are still travelling with no fix homes.There are about 8,000,000 of them,including 3,000,000 in eastern Europe.Gypsies sometimes have a hard time in the countries where they travel,because they are different,people may be afraid of them,look down on them, or think that they are criminals. The Nazies treated the Gypsies cruelly,like the Jews,and nobody knows how many of them died in Hitler
s deathcamps.Gypsies have their own language Romany.They liked music and dancing.And they often work in fairs and travelling shows.Travelling is very importantto them,and many Gypsies are unhappy if they have to stay in one place.Becauseof this,it is difficult for Gypsy children to go to school,and Gypsies are often unable to read and write.In some places,the education authorities tried to arrange special travelling schools for Gypsy children,so that they can get the same education as other children.
14.Why did the ancestors of Gypsies leave their home?
15.What is the attitude of some people toward Gypsies?
16.What measure has been taken to help Gypsy children?
Passage Three
As the car industry develops,traffic accidents have become as familiar as the common code.Yet,their cause and control remain a serious problem that is difficult to solve.Experts have long recognized that this discouraging problem has multiple causes.At the very least,it is a problem that involves three factors:the driver,the vehicle,and the roadway.If all drivers exercise good judgement at all times,there would be few accidents.But that is rather like saying that if all people were honest,there would be no crime.Improved design has helped make highways much safer.But the type of accidents continued to rise because of human failure and an enormous increase in the numbers of automobiles on the road.Attention is now turning increasingly to the third factor of the accident,the car itself.Sincep eople assume that the accidents are bound to occur,they want to know how cars can be built better to protect the drivers.
17.What does the speaker think of the causes of automobile accidents?
18.What measure has been taken to reduce car accidents?
19.What remains an important factor for the rising number of road accidents?
20.What is the focus of peoples attentions today according to the passage?
2001年1月大学英语四级考试试卷 参考答案及详细解答
Part I Listening comprehension
1.C 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.B 10.B
11.D 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.D
Part II Reading Comprehension
21. 选A。文章第一句指出"如果不对狗进行恰当的训练，它们的行为以如同其它野生动物一样"可见狗的行为问题是由其本性所决定的，故选A。
22. 选C。文章开始就说明了狗的兽 性和在未训练前所具有的破坏性，对于这种情况最好的是驯服它，也正是答案C表述的。
23. 选C。文章第二段最后一句说：狗与主人我最有效的交流是让狗知道，你想让它去做什么，很明显这需要一个好的方法，即答案C正确。
24. 选D。见第三段最后一句。
25. 选A。见最后一段最后一句。
26. 选B。文章第二段说明了作者想通过与文科生的交流拓宽自己的视野，并想成为一个完美的理科生，即科技与文学的`结合，故答案B正确。
27. 选D。第二段第四句指出"我想通过与非理工科的人交往来拓展自己的眼界"与D项同意。
28. 选D。见第三段最后一段。
29. 选C。文章第一句作者说自己是个idealist即"理想主义者"C项的意思是不实际的，不现实。
30. 选A。此处的"they"指的是上文提到engineering and the liberal arts故选A。
31. 选B。从文章第一段第三句可以看出Orchids的房子采用了很多energy conservation的措施，从这方面讲是无可挑剔的。
32. 选A。见第三段第一句。
33. 选C。accentuate意为"加重"在文中是"使…恶化"的意思，故选C。
34. 选B。见最后一段第二句。
35. 选C。本文主要在讲室内空气的污染问题，故选C。
36. 选D。文章第一句中deposit意为"订金"，故选D。
37. 选A。见第一段第三句。
38. 选B。根据第一段最后一句可见"二手塑料的用途很少"，因此如向它们变成有用的东西是处理回收的塑料饮料包装中的主要问题。
39. 选D。见最后一段第二句。
40. 选C。见最后一段最后一句。
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure
41. 选D。important要求that从句中要用虚拟。
42. 选A。adapt…to…意思是"使…适应…"
43. 选B。forget to do sth意为"忘记去做某事"（此事未做）；forget doing sth意为"忘记做过某事"（此事已做）
44. 选B。oblige sb to do sth强迫某个人做某事。
45. 选C。deny doing sth否认做过某事。
46. 选A。此题是一个名词独立主格，主语与judge是动宾关系，所以用过去分词。
47. 选B。keep up 获得；draw up 写catch up跟上。
48. 选B。turn up 露面；turn to 求助于…；turn on 打开；turn over思考
49. 选A。A）虽然 B）不管，不顾 C）因为 D）以防，故选A。
50. 选C。A）因为 B）曾经 C）虽然 D)以免，故选C。
51. 选D。在印刷品中黑体的固定说法为bold type。
52. 选C。句中says后面需加一个宾语，而只有what可做关系代词。
53. 选C。mean to do sth打算
54. 选D。此处为定语从句that指物，作spent的宾语。
55. 选A。would rather do sth than do sth意为“宁愿…而不愿…”
56. 选C。A）写下，记下 B）熄灯，火 C）张贴 D）延期
57. 选B。本题意为"无论我们遇到什么样的困难，我们都会互相帮助克服困难"。
58. 选D。本题为独立主格结构，故选D。
59. 选B。A)事件 B）重大事件 C）事例 D）事务，业务
60. 选D。A）调后，转移； B）释放 C）流放 D）播送消息
61. 选B。A）没有这个短语 B）只要 C）万一，以防 D）以…而论
62. 选D。A）最小量 B）短的 C）很少，不经常 D）稀小
63. 选C。be reported to do 为固定用法意为"被报导…"
64. 选C。此处为定语从句介词 + which 结构；be comparable to为固定搭配意为"能与…相比较的"
65. 选B。A) 强调 B) 加强 C) 增加 D)使升高
66. 选A。此处为独立主格结构，做about的宾语。
67. 选A。A）精疲力竭的 B) 被废除的 C) 受伤的 D）被抛弃的
68. 选A。此处为时间状语从句。意"为SuSan赶上我时，我正在回妈妈居住的村子的半路上"
69. 选D。A）、B）、C）均为连词后面应该加句子。
70. 选C。A） 分给 B）移交，让出 C）传给（后代）D）传递
Part Ⅳ Cloze
71. 选A。此处意为"涉及大约300个学生至少21所高校的非正式谈话"
72. 选B。at least固定短语"至少"
73. 选D。A）含蓄的 B）努力的 C）礼貌的 D）坦白的
74. 选C。Comment on 为固定搭配，意为"对…的评价"
75. 选A。present的意思是：to bring to sbs notice directly。
76. 选C。made mark 是固定搭配译为讲话
77. 选C。by the case译为“在…情况下”
78. 选B。speak + abont表论及；…涉及
79. 选B。此处意为"正如以下建议所暗示的…"
80. 选A。A）令我不满的 B）没有这个形容词 C）没有这个形容词 D）称心如意的
81. 选C。A）、B）、D）意思是"打扰" C） 不鼓励
82. 选A。A）噪音，说话的声音 B）声响，声音 C）发音 D）手势
83. 选D。give out 固定短语"分发"
84. 选D。should可代表有个人感情色彩，且表将来发生的事情的可能性
85. 选D。avoid doing sth避免做某事
86. 选A。此处意为"一旦我们读材料，我们希望讨论它或是听到详尽的说明，而不是简单的重复"。
87. 选C。 A）记住 B）争论，争吵 C）讨论 D）保存
88. 选B。参考86解释，故选择not。B为答案。
89. 选C。A） required text 必须的课本
90. 选D。此处意为"仅仅为了…"
Part V Writing(略)
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